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作者：Kremer, M
作者单位：Harvard University
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作者：Heinrich, CJ; Mueser, PR; Troske, KR
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We explore the effects of temporary help employment on welfare recipients' subsequent employment and welfare dynamics. We find that any employment-in temporary help services or other sectors-yields substantial benefits compared to no employment. Although welfare recipients who go to work for temporary help service firms have lower initial wages than those with jobs in other sectors, they experience faster subsequent wage growth. Two years later, they are no less likely to be employed, their wa...
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作者：Deaton, A
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：The extent to which growth reduces global poverty has been disputed for 30 years. Although there are better data than ever before, controversies are not resolved. A major problem is that consumption measured from household surveys, which is used to measure poverty, grows less rapidly than consumption measured in national accounts, in the world as a whole and in large countries, particularly India, China, and the United States. In consequence, measured poverty has fallen less rapidly than appea...
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作者：Münich, D; Svejnar, J; Terrell, K
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate returns to human capital during communism and the transition using data on 2,284 men in the Czech Republic. We show: (a) extremely low and constant rates of return to education under the communist wage grid and dramatic increases in transition, which do not differ by firm ownership, (b) radical changes in returns to several fields of study and sheepskin effects in both regimes, (c) identical wage-experience profile in both regimes, (d) similar 1996 returns to human capital obtained...
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作者：Frankel, JA; Rose, AK
作者单位：Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We seek to contribute to the debate over globalization and the environment by asking: What is the effect of trade on a country's environment, for a given level of GDP? We take specific account of the endogeneity of trade, using exogenous geographic determinants of trade as instrumental variables. We find that trade tends to reduce three measures of air pollution. Statistical significance is high for concentrations of SO2, moderate for NO2, and lacking for particulate matter. Although results f...
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作者：Thompson, P
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Several theories of firm performance can explain the well-known observation that survival is positively related to age. However, a more mundane explanation-selection bias driven by variations in firm quality-may also underlie the phenomenon. This paper employs a 90-year plant-level panel data set on the U.S. iron and steel shipbuilding industry of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to discriminate between the explanations. The shipbuilding industry exhibits the usual joint dependence...
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作者：Basker, E
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of Wal-Mart expansion on retail employment at the county level. Using an instrumental variables approach to correct for both measurement error in entry dates and endogeneity of the timing of entry, I find that Wal-Mart entry increases retail employment by 100 jobs in the year of entry. Half of this gain disappears over the next five years as other retail establishments exit and contract, leaving a long-run statistically significant net gain of 50 jobs. Wholesale...
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作者：Harris, R; Siegel, DS; Wright, M
作者单位：University of Glasgow; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; University of Nottingham
摘要：We assess the total factor productivity of 35,752 manufacturing establishments before and after management buyouts (MBOs). MBO plants are less productive than comparable plants before the transfer of ownership. They experience a substantial increase in productivity after a buyout, which appears to be due to measures undertaken by new owners to reduce the labor intensity of production, via outsourcing of intermediate goods and materials. These findings, which are pervasive across industries, im...
