-
作者：Autor, David H.; Donohue, John J., III; Schwab, Stewart J.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Cornell University
摘要：We estimate the effects on employment and wages of wrongful-discharge protections adopted by U.S. state courts during the last three decades. we find robust evidence that one wrongful-discharge doctrine, the implied-contract exception, reduced state employment rates by 0.8% to 1.7%. The initial impact is largest for female and less-educated workers (those who change jobs frequently), while the longer-term effect is greater for older and more-educated workers (those most likely to litigate). By...
-
作者：Milanovic, Branko
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：We would expect that the process of globalization between 1870 and 1914 and subsequent disintegration of the world economy during the interwar period would have led first to income convergence and then to income divergence between the participating countries. But in fact we find stronger evidence for income convergence during the interwar period than during the first globalization. Similarly, the average level of import protection in the world cannot be shown to have either helped or hampered ...
-
作者：Berkowitz, Daniel; Moenius, Johannes; Pistor, Katharina
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University Redlands; Columbia University
摘要：How does the quality of national institutions that enforce the rule of law influence international trade? Anderson and Marcouiller argue that bad institutions located in the importer's country deter international trade because they enable economic predators to steal and extort rents at the importer's border. We complement this research and show how good institutions located in the exporter's country enhance international trade, in particular, trade in complex products whose characteristics are...
-
作者：Grinols, EL; Mustard, DB
作者单位：Baylor University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We examine the relationship between casinos and crime using county-level data for the United States between 1977 and 1996. Casinos were nonexistent outside Nevada before 1978, and expanded to many other states during our sample period. Most factors that reduce crime occur before or shortly after a casino opens, whereas those that increase crime, including problem and pathological gambling, occur over time. The results suggest that the effect on crime is low shortly after a casino opens, and gr...
-
作者：Rhine, SLW; Greene, WH; Toussaint-Comeau, M
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; New York University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：The roughly 9.1% of all U. S. families that are without some type of transaction account (unbanked) are disproportionately represented among minorities. The unbanked often must rely on alternative ways to carry out basic financial transactions such as cashing payroll checks and paying bills. This study analyzes unique survey data and finds that a consumer's decision to patronize check-cashing businesses is jointly made with the decision to be unbanked. For the unbanked, these businesses are an...
-
作者：Blomberg, S. Brock; Hess, Gregory D.
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
摘要：We investigate the empirical effect of violence, as compared to other trade impediments, on trade flows. Our analysis is based on a panel data set with annual observations on 177 countries from 1968 to 1999, which brings together information from the Rose data set, the ITERATE data set for terrorist events, and data sets of external and internal conflict. We explore these data with traditional and theoretical gravity models. We calculate that, for a given country year, the presence of terroris...
-
作者：Pencavel, John
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：The connection between changes in earnings inequality of individuals and changes in family earnings involves several links: the movements in the employment of different family members, the association between changes in husbands' and in wives' earnings, and patterns of assortative mating. A decomposition of the logarithm of the coefficient of variation in family earnings identifies these links. The data on the dispersion of family earnings are organized not simply over time, but also by age. T...
-
作者：Silva, J. M. C. Santos; Tenreyro, Silvana
作者单位：Universidade de Lisboa; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Although economists have long been aware of Jensen's inequality, many econometric applications have neglected an important implication of it: under heteroskedasticity, the parameters of log-linearized models estimated by OLS lead to biased estimates of the true elasticities. We explain why this problem arises and propose an appropriate estimator. Our criticism of conventional practices and the proposed solution extend to a broad range of applications where log-linearized equations are estimate...
-
作者：Fisman, R
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies the effect of foreign competition on the extent of forecasting bias. I focus on two biases often described in the behavioral economics literature: overoptimism and excessive belief in trends. Using data from firm-level surveys in five African countries, I show that firms that do not face foreign competition generate forecasts of sales growth that have greater trend and optimism biases than firms that have foreign competitors. I further provide evidence that these erroneous f...
-
作者：Goolsbee, Austan; Guryan, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In an effort to alleviate the perceived growth of a digital divide, the U.S. government enacted a major subsidy for Internet and communications investment in schools starting in 1998. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of the subsidy-known as the E-Rate-on Internet investment in California public schools. The program subsidized spending by 20%-90%, depending on school characteristics. Using new data on school technology usage in every school in California from 1996 to 2000 as well as applic...
