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作者：Weinshall, Keren; Sommer, Udi; Ritov, Ya'acov
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Columbia University; Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：A key influence on governance and regulation is the ideology of individual decisionmakers. However, certain branches of government - such as courts - while wielding wide ranging regulatory powers, are expected to do so with no attitudinal influence. We posit a dynamic response model to investigate attitudinal behavior in different national courts. Our ideological scores are estimated based on probability models that formalize the assumption that judicial decisions consist of ideological, strat...
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作者：Pena, Alejandro Milciades
作者单位：University of York - UK
摘要：Why do private governance initiatives trigger greater participation in one country than another? This article examines the domestic dimension of transnational regulation through a case study of private sustainability governance in Argentina. Drawing from theories of contentious politics, the argument poses that the resonance of transnational private governance is shaped by the semantic compatibility of incoming sustainability programs against national political culture. Analyzing the limited p...
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作者：Green, Jessica F.
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Non-state actors - including firms, non-governmental organizations, and networks - are now a permanent fixture in environmental politics. However, we know surprisingly little about when states choose to delegate to non-state actors through multilateral treaties. This paper provides an historical picture, tracing patterns of delegation to non-state agents in a random sample of multilateral environmental agreements from 1902 to 2002. I introduce a new unit of analysis - the policy function - to ...
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作者：Cranor, Carl F.; Finkel, Adam M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Pennsylvania; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have well-deserved reputations for fixating on the total benefits and costs of proposed and final regulatory actions, without doing any more than anecdotally mentioning the subpopulations and individuals who may bear disproportionate costs or reap disproportionate benefits. This is especially true on the cost side of the cost-benefit ledger, where analysts exert little effort to even inform decisionmakers and the public that the costs of regu...
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作者：Hamanaka, Shintaro; Jusoh, Sufian
作者单位：Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
摘要：Existing studies on Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) are mostly based on the European experience. In this paper, we discuss the ongoing attempt of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to establish very unique MRAs, using professional service qualifications, particularly engineering, as a case study. Several ASEAN professional service qualification MRAs employ a hub-and spoke model, wherein neither the hub (regional mechanism) nor the spokes (national authorities) are more pow...
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作者：Yeung, Karen
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of Melbourne
摘要：Innovations in networked digital communications technologies, including the rise of Big Data, ubiquitous computing, and cloud storage systems, may be giving rise to a new system of social ordering known as algorithmic regulation. Algorithmic regulation refers to decisionmaking systems that regulate a domain of activity in order to manage risk or alter behavior through continual computational generation of knowledge by systematically collecting data (in real time on a continuous basis) emitted ...
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作者：Overdevest, Christine; Zeitlin, Jonathan
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Over the past decade, the European Union (EU) has created a novel experimentalist architecture for transnational forest governance: the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative. This innovative architecture comprises extensive participation by civil society stakeholders in establishing and revising open-ended framework goals (Voluntary Partnership Agreements [VPAs] with developing countries aimed at promoting sustainable forest governance and preventing illegal logging) ...
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作者：Becker, Manuel; Dorfler, Thomas; Gehring, Thomas
作者单位：Otto Friedrich University Bamberg; United Nations University
摘要：Credible commitment problems arise whenever decisions made according to short-term incentives undermine long-term policy goals. While political actors can credibly commit themselves to their long-term policy goals by delegating decisions to independent regulatory agencies, the member states of international institutions rarely sacrifice control over regulatory decisions. Against the backdrop of the United Nations Compensation Commission established by the Security Council to settle claims on d...
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作者：Woods, Neal D.
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：Well-known theories suggest that administrative procedures may be used as mechanisms of political control of the bureaucracy. This study investigates whether three common regulatory analysis procedurescost-benefit analysis, risk assessment, and economic impact analysislead to greater influence by political officials on bureaucratic policymaking. Multivariate analyses of data from a unique survey of state administrators indicate that regulatory analysis requirements are associated with decrease...
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作者：Trump, Benjamin; Cummings, Christopher; Kuzma, Jennifer; Linkov, Igor
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Nanyang Technological University; North Carolina State University; North Carolina State University; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); ERDC - Risk Modeling
摘要：Synthetic biology (SB) involves the alteration of living cells and biomolecules for specific purposes. Products developed using these approaches could have significant societal benefits, but also pose uncertain risks to human and environmental health. Policymakers currently face decisions regarding how stringently to regulate and monitor various SB applications. This is a complex task, in which policymakers must balance uncertain economic, political, social, and health-related decision factors...
