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作者：di Giovanni, Julian; Levchenko, Andrei A.
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper examines the mechanisms through which output volatility is related to trade openness using an industry-level panel data set of manufacturing production and trade. The main results are threefold. First, sectors more open to international trade are more volatile. Second, trade is accompanied by increased specialization. These two forces imply increased aggregate volatility. Third, sectors that are more open to trade are less correlated with the rest of the economy, an effect that acts...
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作者：Donni, Olivier
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We adopt the collective approach to consumer behavior with egoistic agents and assume that household consumption is either private or public. We then show that (1) household demand functions have to satisfy testable constraints and (2) some elements of the decision process can be retrieved from observed behavior. These results are based on a conditional demand (m-demand) framework in which household demand functions are directly derived from the individual marginal rates of substitution. Final...
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作者：Alexeev, Michael; Conrad, Robert
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Duke University; Duke University
摘要：Our goal is to show that contrary to the claims made in several recent papers, the effect of a large endowment of oil and other mineral resources on long-term economic growth of countries has been on balance positive. Moreover, the claims of a negative effect of oil and mineral wealth on the countries' institutions are called into question.
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作者：Grogger, Jeffrey
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：One rationale for work-focused welfare reform was human capital theory: work today should raise experience tomorrow, which should raise future wage offers and reduce welfare dependency. Yet few studies have estimated the effect of welfare reform on wages. I approach the problem using a novel sample selection estimator based on reservation wage data. Reservation wages solve the selection problem using bivariate censored regression methods without the need for exclusion restrictions. Whereas OLS...
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作者：Desai, Mihir A.; Dharmapala, Dhammika
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Connecticut
摘要：Do corporate tax avoidance activities advance shareholder interests? This paper tests alternative theories of corporate tax avoidance using unexplained differences between income reported to capital markets and to tax authorities. OLS estimates indicate that the effect of tax avoidance on firm value is a function of firm governance, as predicted by an agency perspective on corporate tax avoidance. Instrumental variables estimates based on exogenous changes in tax regulations yield larger overa...
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作者：Kremer, Michael; Miguel, Edward; Thornton, Rebecca
作者单位：Harvard University; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We study a randomized evaluation of a merit scholarship program in which Kenyan girls who scored well on academic exams had school fees paid and received a grant. Girls showed substantial exam score gains, and teacher attendance improved in program schools. There were positive externalities for girls with low pretest scores, who were unlikely to win a scholarship. We see no evidence for weakened intrinsic motivation. There were heterogeneous program effects. In one of the two districts, there ...
