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作者：Comin, Diego; Hobijn, Bart
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：This paper explores whether lobbies slow down technology diffusion. To answer this question, we exploit the differential effect of various institutional attributes that should affect the costs of erecting barriers when the new technology has a technologically close predecessor but not otherwise. We implement this test using a data set that covers the diffusion of twenty technologies for 23 countries over the past two centuries. We find that each of the relevant institutional variables that aff...
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作者：Ackerberg, Daniel A.; Devereux, Paul J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Trinity College Dublin; University College Dublin
摘要：We introduce two simple new variants of the jackknife instrumental variables (JIVE) estimator for overidentified linear models and show that they are superior to the existing JIVE estimator, significantly improving on its small-sample-bias properties. We also compare our new estimators to existing Nagar (1959) type estimators. We show that, in models with heteroskedasticity, our estimators have superior properties to both the Nagar estimator and the related B2SLS estimator suggested in Donald ...
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作者：di Giovanni, Julian; McCrary, Justin; von Wachter, Till
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：Forward-looking behavior on the part of the monetary authority makes it difficult to estimate the effect of monetary policy interventions on output. We present instrumental variables estimates of the impact of interest rates on quarterly real output for several European countries, using German interest rates as the instrument. These estimates confirm a strong forward-looking bias in least squares estimates that persists even conditional on standard controls for the history of the system. Due t...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Schoenberg, Uta
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper investigates whether unions, through imposing wage floors that lead to wage compression, increase on-the-job training. Our analysis focuses on Germany. Based on a model of unions and firm-financed training, we derive empirical implications regarding apprenticeship training intensity, layoffs, wage cuts, and wage compression in unionized and nonunionized firms. We test these implications using firm panel data matched with administrative employee data. We find support for the hypothes...
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作者：Harrigan, James; Barrows, Geoffrey
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Quota restrictions on United States imports of apparel and textiles under the multifiber arrangement (MFA) ended abruptly in January 2005. This change in policy was large, predetermined, and fully anticipated, making it an ideal natural experiment for testing the theory of trade policy. Prices of quota-constrained categories from China fell by 38% in 2005, with smaller declines from other exporters. Prices in unconstrained categories from all countries changed little. We also find substantial ...
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作者：Iranzo, Susana; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The literature on schooling externalities in U. S. cities and states is rather mixed: positive external effects of average education levels are hardly found while positive externalities from the share of college graduates are more often identified. We propose a simple model to reconcile this mixed evidence. Our model predicts positive externalities from increased college education and negligible external effects from high school education. Using compulsory attendance/child labor laws, push-dri...
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作者：Aydemir, Abdurrahman; Chen, Wen-Hao; Corak, Miles
作者单位：Sabanci University; University of Ottawa; Statistics Canada
摘要：The intergenerational earnings mobility of Canadians born to immigrants is examined using the 2001 Census. A detailed portrait of the Canadian population is offered as are estimates of the degree of generational mobility among the children of immigrants from seventy countries. The degree of intergenerational persistence is about the same for immigrants as for the entire population, and there is more generational mobility among immigrants in Canada than in the United States. We also use quantil...
