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作者：Inoue, Atsushi; Solon, Gary
作者单位：North Carolina State University; Michigan State University
摘要：Following an influential article by Angrist and Krueger (1992) on two-sample instrumental variables (TSIV) estimation, numerous empirical researchers have applied a computationally convenient two-sample two-stage least squares (TS2SLS) variant of Angrist and Krueger's estimator. In the two-sample context, unlike the single-sample situation, the IV and 2SLS estimators are numerically distinct. We derive and compare the asymptotic distributions of the two estimators and find that the commonly us...
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作者：Hallak, Juan Carlos
作者单位：Universidad Mayor de San Andres; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Linder hypothesis has attracted substantial empirical research over decades. However, the evidence has failed to provide consistent support for it. This paper explains the failure. Building a theoretical framework in which, as in Linder's theory, product quality plays the central role, I show that the Linder hypothesis is formally derived but holds only when formulated as a sector-level prediction. This prediction is then estimated using a sample of 64 countries in 1995. The results suppor...
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作者：Dupor, Bill; Kitamura, Tomiyuki; Tsuruga, Takayuki
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Kansai University
摘要：Understanding the relationship between nominal and real variables, most notably inflation and cyclical output, is one of the fundamental questions of economics. Toward this understanding, we develop a model that integrates sticky prices and sticky information-a dual-stickiness model. We find that both rigidities are present in U. S. data. We also show that the dual-stickiness model's closest competitor is the hybrid New Keynesian model. For both models, current inflation depends in part on las...
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作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Luoh, Ming Ching
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Taiwan University
摘要：This paper studies how rising male incarceration has affected women through its effect on the marriage market. Variation in marriage-market shocks arising from incarceration is isolated using two facts: the tendency of people to marry within marriage markets defined by the interaction of race, location, and age and the fact that increases in incarceration have been very different across these three characteristics. Using a variety of estimation strategies, including difference and fixed effect...
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作者：Lewbel, Arthur
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：Shape invariance is a property of demand functions that is widely used for parametric and semiparametric modeling and is associated with a commonly employed class of equivalence scale models used for welfare calculations. This paper derives the set of all shape-invariant demand functions and associated preferences. All previously known shape-invariant demands were derived from utility functions that, up to monotonic transformation, are called IB/ESE (independent of base-equivalence scale exact...
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作者：De Fraja, Gianni; Oliveira, Tania; Zanchi, Luisa
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Leeds
摘要：The efforts exerted by children, parents, and schools affect the outcome of the education process. We build this idea into a theoretical model where the effort exerted by the three groups of agents is simultaneously determined as a Nash equilibrium. The empirical analysis tests the model using the British National Child Development Study and finds support for this idea. We identify which factors affect educational attainment directly and which indirectly through effort. From a policy perspecti...
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作者：Krebs, Tom; Krishna, Pravin; Maloney, William
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：This paper develops a framework to study empirically the relationship between trade policy and individual income risk and to evaluate the associated welfare consequences. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, longitudinal data on workers are used to estimate time-varying individual income risk parameters in various manufacturing sectors. Second, the estimated income risk parameters and data on trade barriers are used to analyze the relationship between trade policy and income risk. Fina...
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作者：Hidalgo, F. Daniel; Naidu, Suresh; Nichter, Simeon; Richardson, Neal
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Columbia University; Stanford University
摘要：This study estimates the effect of economic conditions on redistributive conflict. We examine land invasions in Brazil using a panel data set with over 50,000 municipality-year observations. Adverse economic shocks, instrumented by rainfall, cause the rural poor to invade and occupy large landholdings. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity by land inequality and land tenure systems, but not by other observable variables. In highly unequal municipalities, negative income shocks cause t...
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作者：Jaeger, David A.; Dohmen, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Huffman, David; Sunde, Uwe; Bonin, Holger
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of Cologne; Maastricht University; University of Bonn; Swarthmore College; University of St Gallen
摘要：It has long been hypothesized that individuals' migration propensities depend on their risk attitudes, but the empirical evidence has been limited and indirect. We use newly available data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to measure directly the relationship between migration and risk attitudes. We find that individuals who are more willing to take risks are more likely to migrate. Our estimates are substantial compared to unconditional migration probabilities, as well the effects of conve...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric P.; Long, Bridget Terry
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Higher education has increasingly relied on part-time, adjunct instructors. Critics argue that adjuncts reduce educational quality because they often have less education than full-time professors. On the other hand, by specializing in teaching or being concurrently employed, adjuncts could enhance learning experiences. This paper quantifies how adjuncts affect subsequent student interest and course performance relative to full-time faculty using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits ...
