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作者：Jacks, David S.; Pendakur, Krishna
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What is the role of transport improvements in globalization? We argue that the nineteenth century is the ideal testing ground: maritime freight rates fell on average by 50% while global trade increased 400% from 1870 to 1913. We estimate the first indices of bilateral freight rates and directly incorporate these into a standard gravity model. We also take the endogeneity of bilateral trade and freight rates seriously and propose an instrumental variables approach. The results are striking: we ...
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作者：Liu, Xuepeng; Lovely, Mary E.; Ondrich, Jan
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Kennesaw State University; Syracuse University
摘要：There is almost no support for the proposition that capital is attracted to low wages from firm-level studies. We examine the location choices of 2,884 firms investing in China between 1993 and 1996 to offer two main contributions. First, we find that the location of labor-intensive activities is highly elastic to provincial wage differences. Generally, investors' wage sensitivity declines as the skill intensity of the industry increases. Second, we find that unobserved location-specific attri...
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作者：Ries, John; Somerville, Tsur
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：This study utilizes changes in the catchment areas of public schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, to measure the residential price capitalization of school quality. Specifications that employ repeat sales methods to control for time-invariant neighborhood effects and disaggregated price indexes to capture time-varying neighborhood price appreciation reveal significant effects of secondary school performance on residential prices. However, when we add controls for long-run price trends in re...
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作者：Hidalgo, F. Daniel; Naidu, Suresh; Nichter, Simeon; Richardson, Neal
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Columbia University; Stanford University
摘要：This study estimates the effect of economic conditions on redistributive conflict. We examine land invasions in Brazil using a panel data set with over 50,000 municipality-year observations. Adverse economic shocks, instrumented by rainfall, cause the rural poor to invade and occupy large landholdings. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity by land inequality and land tenure systems, but not by other observable variables. In highly unequal municipalities, negative income shocks cause t...
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作者：Jaeger, David A.; Dohmen, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Huffman, David; Sunde, Uwe; Bonin, Holger
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of Cologne; Maastricht University; University of Bonn; Swarthmore College; University of St Gallen
摘要：It has long been hypothesized that individuals' migration propensities depend on their risk attitudes, but the empirical evidence has been limited and indirect. We use newly available data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to measure directly the relationship between migration and risk attitudes. We find that individuals who are more willing to take risks are more likely to migrate. Our estimates are substantial compared to unconditional migration probabilities, as well the effects of conve...
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作者：Gottschalk, Peter; Huynh, Minh
作者单位：Boston College; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
摘要：Measures of inequality and mobility based on self-reported earnings reflect attributes of both the joint distribution of earnings across time and the joint distribution of measurement error and earnings. While classical measurement error would increase measures of inequality and mobility, there is substantial evidence that measurement error in earnings is not classical. In this paper, we present the analytical links between nonclassical measurement error and some summary measures of inequality...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric P.; Long, Bridget Terry
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Higher education has increasingly relied on part-time, adjunct instructors. Critics argue that adjuncts reduce educational quality because they often have less education than full-time professors. On the other hand, by specializing in teaching or being concurrently employed, adjuncts could enhance learning experiences. This paper quantifies how adjuncts affect subsequent student interest and course performance relative to full-time faculty using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits ...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Duflo, Esther; Postel-Vinay, Gilles; Watts, Tim
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed 40% of French vineyards. Using the regional variation in the timing of this shock, we identify and examine the effects on adult height, health, and life expectancy of children born in the years and regions affected by the phylloxera. The shock decreased long-run height, but it did not affect other dimensions of health, including life expectancy. We find that those born in affected regions were about 1.8 millimeters shorter than others at age 20, a si...
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作者：Larrain, Borja
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We document a positive correlation between stock market capitalization and price levels (wages) within the group of countries with poorly developed stock markets and a negative correlation between these two variables within the group of countries with more developed stock markets. This paper argues that there is a causal relationship behind these correlations. Stock markets initially stimulate growth, pushing the demand for nontradables and increasing prices and wages. Stock markets also promo...
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作者：Ramcharan, Rodney
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Does economic inequality affect redistributive policy? This paper turns to U.S. county data on land inequality over the period 1890 to 1930 to help address this fundamental question in political economy. Redistributive policy was primarily decided at the local level during this period, making county-level data particularly informative. Examining within-state variation also reduces the potential impact of latent institutional and political variables. The paper also uses a variety of identificat...
