-
作者：Almond, Douglas; Hoynes, Hilary W.; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; Northwestern University
摘要：This paper evaluates the health impacts of a signature initiative of the War on Poverty: the introduction of the modern Food Stamp Program (FSP). Using variation in the month FSP began operating in each U.S. county, we find that pregnancies exposed to FSP three months prior to birth yielded deliveries with increased birth weight, with the largest gains at the lowest birth weights. We also find small but statistically insignificant improvements in neonatal mortality. We conclude that the sizabl...
-
作者：Martorell, Paco; McFarlin, Isaac, Jr.
作者单位：RAND Corporation; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：Providing remedial (also known as developmental) education is the primary way colleges cope with students who do not have the academic preparation needed to succeed in college-level courses. Remediation is widespread, with nearly one-third of entering freshmen taking remedial courses at an annual cost of at least $1 billion. Despite its prevalence, there is uncertainty surrounding its short- and longer-run effects. This paper presents new evidence on this question using longitudinal administra...
-
作者：Reber, Sarah J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：School desegregation might have induced unintended behavioral responses of white families as well as state and local governments. This paper examines these responses and is the first to study the effects of desegregation on the finances of school districts. Desegregation induced white flight from blacker to whiter public school districts and to private schools, but the local property tax base and local revenue were not adversely affected. The state legislature directed significant new funding ...
-
作者：Greenlees, John S.; McClelland, Robert
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：In this paper we provide new evidence on the impact on the U.S. CPI of the appearance and growth of new types of product outlets. Our CPI food microdata permit a more detailed categorization of outlet types than in previous studies, and we can adjust for numerous differences in item characteristics. We also examine the effects of changes in outlet mix not only across outlet categories but also within those categories. In our sample, we find that the upward impact on price from increased item q...
-
作者：Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：I use a long panel with broad grade coverage to establish whether charter schools affect cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. Schools that begin as charters generate large improvements in discipline and attendance but not test scores, with the exception of math in middle schools. This suggests improvements in noncognitive but not cognitive skills, although these improvements do not persist if students return to regular public schools. Charters that convert from regular public schools ha...
-
作者：Kilian, Lutz; Vega, Clara
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We propose a formal test of the hypothesis that energy prices are predetermined with respect to U.S. macroeconomic aggregates. The test is based on regressing changes in daily energy prices on daily news from U.S. macroeconomic data releases. Using a wide range of macroeconomic news, we find no compelling evidence of feedback at daily or monthly horizons, contradicting the view that energy prices respond instantaneously to macroeconomic news and consistent with the commonly used identifying as...
