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作者：Behrens, Kristian; Brown, W. Mark; Bougna, Theophile
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Statistics Canada; The World Bank
摘要：Using microlevel commodity flow data and microgeographic plant-level data, we construct industry-specific ad valorem trucking rate series and measures of geographic concentration to provide evidence on the relationship between transport costs and agglomeration. We find that low-transport-cost industries display significantly more geographic concentration in the cross-sectional dimension and that falling transport costs agglomerate industries in the panel dimension. The effects are large: the f...
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作者：Fair, Ray C.; Kaplan, Edward H.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper uses world running records by age to estimate a biological frontier of decline rates. Two models are compared: a linear/ quadratic (LQ) model and a nonparametric model. Two estimation methods are used: (a) minimizing the squared difference between the observed records and the modeled biological frontier and (b) using extreme value theory to estimate the biological frontier that maximizes the probability of observing the existing world records by age. The results support the LQ model...
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作者：Hsu, Po-Hsuan; Lee, Hsiao-Hui; Peng, Shu-Cing; Yi, Long
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; National Tsing Hua University; National Taiwan University; Hong Kong Baptist University
摘要：In this paper, we empirically measure the impact of natural disasters on firm-level operating performance and examine if such impact can be mitigated by technology diversification. Using major natural disasters specified by Barrot and Sauvagnat (2015) and factory location data from the toxic release inventory (TRI) database, we first find that firms with factories located in states affected by natural disasters are much less profitable. Second, we find that firms with diversified technologies ...
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作者：Kearney, Melissa S.; Wilson, Riley
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate whether an increase in the potential earnings of men leads to an increase in marriage and a reduction in nonmarital births by exploiting the positive economic shock associated with fracking in the 2000s. A reduced-form analysis reveals that in response to local-area fracking production, which increased wages and jobs for non-college-educated men, both marital and nonmarital birth rates increase, but marriage rates do not. The pattern of results is consistent with positive income...
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作者：Harari, Mariaflavia; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We conduct a disaggregated empirical analysis of civil conflict at the subnational level in Africa over 1997 to 2011 using a new gridded data set. We construct an original measure of agriculture-relevant weather shocks exploiting within-year variation in weather and in crop growing season and spatial variation in crop cover. Temporal and spatial spillovers in conflict are addressed through spatial econometric techniques. Negative shocks occurring during the growing season of local crops affect...
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作者：Malkova, Olga
作者单位：University of Kentucky
摘要：This paper quantifies the effects of Russia's 1981 expansion in maternity benefits on completed childbearing. The program provided one year of partially paid parental leave and a small cash transfer upon a child's birth. I exploit the program's two-stage implementation and find evidence that women had more children as a result of the program. Fertility rates rose immediately by 8.2% over twelve months. The increase in fertility rates not only persisted for the ten-year duration of the program,...
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作者：Booth, Alison; Yamamura, Eiji
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：In speedboat racing in Japan, men and women compete under the same conditions and are randomly assigned to mixed-sex or single-sex groups for each race. We use a sample of over 140,000 individual-level records to examine how male-dominated circumstances affect women's racing performance. Our fixed-effects estimates reveal that women's race time is slower in mixed-sex than all-women races, whereas men's race time is faster in mixed-sex than men-only races. The same result is found for place in ...
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作者：Messacar, Derek
作者单位：Statistics Canada; Memorial University Newfoundland
摘要：This study assesses whether workplace pensions help individuals overcome knowledge barriers to saving for retirement. Using administrative data from Canada and exploiting unique features of the pension system, I find compelling evidence that each $1 contributed to workplace pensions partially crowds out other retirement saving by approximately $0.50among interior saversin a regression kink design, centering on unionized workers for methodological reasons. Further analysis indicates that active...
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作者：Utar, Hale
作者单位：University of Bielefeld; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Using employee-employer matched data, I analyze the impact of a low-wage trade shock on manufacturing workers in a high-wage country, Denmark, and how they adjust to the shock over a decade. I derive causal effects by exploiting the dismantling of the Multifiber Arrangement quotas on products from China upon its WTO accession as a quasi-natural experiment and use within-industry, within-occupation heterogeneity in workers' exposure to this shock. I find significant negative long-run effects on...
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作者：Couture, Victor; Duranton, Gilles; Turner, Matthew A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Pennsylvania; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Brown University
摘要：We investigate determinants of driving speed in large U.S. cities. We first estimate city-level supply functions for travel in an econometric framework where the supply and demand for travel are explicit. These estimations allow us to calculate an index of driving speed and to rank cities by driving speed. Our data suggest that a congestion tax of about 3.5 cents per kilometer yields welfare gains of about $30 billion per year, that centralized cities are slower, that cities with ring roads ar...
