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作者：Berazneva, Julia; Byker, Tanya S.
作者单位：Middlebury College
摘要：We examine the effect of forest loss around the time of birth on infant mortality and the early childhood health of children in rural Nigeria. We find that forest loss leads to an increase in neonatal mortality-one standard deviation of forest loss is associated with a 9%-15% increase in the likelihood of death within the first month of life. The mechanism linking forest loss to infant death is maternal exposure to malaria when the child is in utero. Such exposure also results in worse birth o...
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作者：Ferraro, Paul J.; Messer, Kent D.; Shukla, Pallavi; Weigel, Collin
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Delaware; Deakin University
摘要：Experimental research in behavioral economics focuses on consumer behaviors. Similar experimental research on profit-maximizing producers is rare. In three field experiments involving commercial agricultural producers in the United States, we detect evidence of anchoring in competitive auctions for conservation contracts related to nutrient and pest management that were worth, on average, nearly $9,000. In these auctions, the value of the starting cost-share bid was randomized to be either 0% ...
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作者：Brzezinski, Adam; Chen, Yao; Palma, Nuno; Ward, Felix
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Manchester; Universidade de Lisboa; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We estimate the effect of money supply changes on the real economy by exploiting a recurring natural experiment: maritime disasters in the Spanish Empire (1531-1810) that resulted in the loss of substantial amounts of silver money. We find that negative money supply shocks caused Spanish real output to decline. A transmission channel analysis highlights slow price adjustments and credit frictions as mechanisms through which money supply changes affected the real economy. Especially large outpu...
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作者：Carriero, Andrea; Clark, Todd E.; Marcellino, Massimiliano; Mertens, Elmar
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland; Bocconi University; Deutsche Bundesbank
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has led to enormous data movements that strongly affect parameters and forecasts from standard Bayesian vector autoregressions (BVARs). To address these issues, we propose BVAR models with outlier-augmented stochastic volatility (SV) that combine transitory and persistent changes in volatility. The resulting density forecasts are much less sensitive to outliers in the data than standard BVARs. Predictive Bayes factors indicate that our outlier-augmented SV model provides ...
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作者：Havranek, Tomas; Irsova, Zuzana; Laslopova, Lubica; Zeynalova, Olesia
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Anglo-American University
摘要：A key parameter in the analysis of wage inequality is the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labor. We show that the empirical literature is consistent with both publication and attenuation bias in the estimated inverse elasticities. Publication bias, which exaggerates the mean reported inverse elasticity, dominates and results in corrected inverse elasticities closer to zero than the typically published estimates. The implied mean elasticity is 4, with a lower bound of 2...
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作者：Halevy, Yoram; Mayraz, Guy
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Sydney
摘要：The revealed preference methodology allows an observer to infer preferences from choices. This paper extends this fundamental idea by experimentally identifying the preference for basing choices on simple decision rules. Subjects not only make case-by-case portfolio allocations but also design a simple investment rule for selecting portfolios. They then choose between these two decision modes for an additional set of problems. The majority opt for the rule interface and in most cases choose a ...
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作者：Ferrara, Andreas; Fishback, Price
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Arizona
摘要：This paper examines the individual and aggregate costs of ethnic discrimination. Studying Germans in the United States during World War I, an event that abruptly downgraded their previously high social standing, we show that anti-German sentiment was strongly associated with counties' casualties in the war, leading to subsequent outmigration of Germans. Such relocation to evade discrimination was costly for German workers. However, counties with larger outflows of Germans, who tended to be wel...
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作者：Lanier, Joshua; Miao, Bin; Quah, John K. -H.; Zhong, Songfa
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Renmin University of China; Johns Hopkins University; National University of Singapore
摘要：We run an experiment to elicit preferences over state-contingent timed payouts. We analyze the data using a new revealed preference method (building on Nishimura et al., 2017) that can test for consistency with utility functions that increase with a given preorder. We find that correlation neutrality, a property implied by discounted expected utility, is widely violated and there is, instead, strong evidence of intertemporal correlation averse behavior. Our results suggest that utility is not ...
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作者：Brinkman, Jeffrey; Lin, Jeffrey
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the dis...
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作者：Clay, Karen; Lewis, Joshua; Severnini, Edson; Wang, Xiao
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite de Montreal; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Hunan University
摘要：This paper studies how better access to public health insurance affects infant mortality during pandemics. The analysis combines cross-state variation in mandated eligibility for Medicaid with two influenza pandemics that arrived shortly before and after the program's introduction in 1965. We find that better access to public health insurance in high-eligibility states substantially reduced pandemic infant mortality. The reductions in pandemic infant mortality are too large to be attributable ...
