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作者：Tang, Mingwei; Dudas, Gytis; Bedford, Trevor; Minin, Vladimir N.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Gothenburg; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：Phylodynamics is a set of population genetics tools that aim at recon-structing demographic history of a population based on molecular sequences of individuals sampled from the population of interest. One important task in phylodynamics is to estimate changes in (effective) population size. When applied to infectious disease sequences, such estimation of population size trajectories can provide information about changes in the number of infec-tions. To model changes in the number of infected i...
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作者：Wang, By yue; Shojaie, Ali; Randolph, Timothy; Knight, Parker; Ma, Jing
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Harvard University; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：Motivated by emerging applications in ecology, microbiology, and neu-roscience, this paper studies high-dimensional regression with two-way struc-tured data. To estimate the high-dimensional coefficient vector, we pro-pose the generalized matrix decomposition regression (GMDR) to efficiently leverage auxiliary information on row and column structures. GMDR extends the principal component regression (PCR) to two-way structured data, but un-like PCR, GMDR selects the components that are most pre...
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作者：Huang, Melody; Egami, Naoki; Hartman, Erin; Miratrix, Luke
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University
摘要：Generalizing causal estimates in randomized experiments to a broader target population is essential for guiding decisions by policymakers and practitioners in the social and biomedical sciences. While recent papers have developed various weighting estimators for the population average treatment effect (PATE), many of these methods result in large variance because the experimental sample often differs substantially from the target population and estimated sampling weights are extreme. We invest...
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作者：Moon, Chul; Li, Qiwei; Xiao, Guanghua
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：Tumor shape is a key factor that affects tumor growth and metastasis. This paper proposes a topological feature computed by persistent homology to characterize tumor progression from digital pathology and radiology images and examines its effect on the time-to-event data. The proposed topological features are invariant to scale-preserving transformation and can summarize various tumor shape patterns. The topological features are represented in functional space and used as functional predictors...
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作者：Kang, Chaeryon; Huang, Ying
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：In HIV vaccine/prevention research, probing into the vaccine-induced immune responses that can help to predict the risk of HIV infection provides valuable information for the development of vaccine regimens. Previous cor-relate analysis of the Thai vaccine trial aided the discovery of interesting immune correlates related to the risk of developing an HIV infection. The present study aimed to identify the combinations of immune responses asso-ciated with the heterogeneous infection risk. We exp...
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作者：Rahman, Syed; Khare, Kshitij; Michailidis, George; Martinez, Carlos; Carulla, Juan
作者单位：Apple Inc; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA; Universidad Nacional de Colombia
摘要：Estimating a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from observational data rep-resents a canonical learning problem and has generated a lot of interest in recent years. Research has focused mostly on the following two cases: when no information regarding the ordering of the nodes in the DAG is available and when a domain-specific complete ordering of the nodes is available. In this paper, motivated by a recent application in dairy science, we develop a method for DAG estimation for the middle scenario,...
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作者：Rohrbeck, Christian; Cooley, Daniel
作者单位：University of Bath; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins
摘要：Hazard event sets, a collection of synthetic extreme events over a given period, are important for catastrophe modelling. This paper addresses the is-sue of generating event sets of extreme river flow for northern England and southern Scotland, a region which has been particularly affected by severe flooding over the past 20 years. We start by analysing historical extreme river flow across 45 gauges, using methods from extreme value analysis, includ-ing the concept of extremal principal compon...
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作者：Rubinstein, Max; Haviland, Amelia; Choi, David
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：We predict the average effect of Medicaid expansion on the nonelderly adult uninsurance rate among states that did not expand Medicaid in 2014, as if they had expanded their Medicaid eligibility requirements. Using Ameri-can Community Survey data aggregated to the region level, we estimate this effect by reweighting the expansion regions to approximately match the co-variate distribution of the nonexpansion regions. Existing methods to estimate balancing weights often assume that the covariate...
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作者：Alonso-pena, Maria; Crujeiras, Rosa M.
作者单位：Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
摘要：Analyzing the escape direction of animals subject to covariates is a prob-lem that requires statistical techniques beyond classical regression methods. Apart from the periodicity of the angle of direction, which demands the use of circular statistics, animal escape data usually call for the exploration of the preferred orientations rather than the expected orientation. In this paper we propose the use of a nonparametric method to estimate the conditional local modes of the escape directions of...
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作者：Diaz, Juan D.; Zubizarreta, Jose R.
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Regression discontinuity designs are extensively used for causal inference in observational studies. However, they are usually confined to settings with simple treatment rules and determined by a single running variable with a single cutoff. Motivated by the problem of estimating the impact of grade retention on educational and juvenile crime outcomes in Chile, we propose a framework and methods for complex discontinuity designs that encompass multiple treatment rules. In this framework the ob...
