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作者：Ciancio, Alberto; Garcia-Jimeno, Camilo
作者单位：University of Glasgow; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Selection forces often confound the effects of policy changes. In the immigration enforcement context, we tackle this challenge tracking arrested immigrants along the deportation pipeline, isolating local and federal efforts. 80% of counties exhibit strategic substitutabilities in responding to federal enforcement, while the federal level is very effective at directing its efforts toward cooperative counties. We estimate that changes in the profile of immigration cases, and not weakened federa...
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作者：Conlon, Christopher; Rao, Nirupama; Wang, Yinan
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We find that sin-good purchases are highly concentrated, with 10% of households paying more than 80% of taxes on alcohol and cigarettes. Total sin-tax burdens are poorly explained by demographics (including income) but are well explained by eight household clusters defined by purchasing patterns. The two most taxed clusters comprise 8% of households, pay 63% of sin taxes, and are older, less educated, and lower income. Taxes on sugary beverages broaden the tax base but add to the burdens of he...
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作者：Kucinskas, Simas; Peters, Florian S.
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We develop a framework for measuring under- and overreaction in expectation formation. The basic insight is that under- and overreaction to new information is identified (up to sign) by the impulse response function of forecast errors. Our measurement procedure yields estimates of under- and overreaction to different shocks at various horizons. In an application to inflation expectations, we find that forecasters underreact to aggregate shocks but overreact to idiosyncratic shocks. We illustra...
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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We study the effects of Secure Communities, an immigration enforcement program that dramatically increased interior removals of Hispanic noncitizens from the United States, on participation in means-tested social insurance programs among co-ethnic citizens. Exploiting county-level variation in the roll-out of enforcement together with its ethnic specificity, we find that Hispanic-headed citizen households significantly reduced their participation in two large federal safety net programs. Our r...
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作者：Galasso, Alberto; Schankerman, Mark
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study the effects of the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP)-an institution that pools patents across geographical markets-on the licensing and adoption of life-saving drugs in low- and middle-income countries. We show the presence of an immediate and large increase in licensing when a patent is included in the MPP. We also show evidence that the pool increases actual entry and volume of sales, but these impacts are much smaller than on licensing, which is due to the geographic bundling of licenses...
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作者：Gross, Tal; Sacarny, Adam; Shi, Maggie; Silver, David
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We study a 2008 policy reform in which Medicare revised its hospital payment system to better reflect patients' severity of illness. We construct a simulated instrument that predicts a hospital's policy-induced change in reimbursement using pre-reform patients and postreform rules. The reform led to large persistent changes in Medicare payment rates across hospitals. Hospitals that faced larger gains in Medicare reimbursement increased the volume of Medicare patients they treated. The estimate...
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作者：Ruffini, Krista
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：paper examines whether higher earnings for frontline workers affects the quality of employees' output. I leverage increases in the statutory minimum wage, combined with worker, consumer, and firm outcomes in the nursing home sector. I find that higher minimum wages increase income and retention among low-wage employees and improve consumer outcomes, measured by fewer inspection violations; lower rates of adverse, preventable health conditions; and lower resident mortality. Firms maintain profi...
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作者：Santoleri, Pietro; Mina, Andrea; Di Minin, Alberto; Martelli, Irene
作者单位：Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; University of Cambridge
摘要：We leverage the discontinuity in the assignment mechanism of the Small and Medium Enterprise Instrument-the first European research and development (R&D) subsidy targeting small firms-to provide the broadest quasi-experimental evidence on R&D grants over both geographical and sectoral scopes. Grants trigger sizable impacts on a wide range of firm-level outcomes. Heterogeneous effects are consistent with grants reducing financial frictions. This reduction is due to funding rather than certifica...
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作者：Jo, Yoon; Matsumura, Misaki; Weinstein, David E.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the impact of retail e-commerce on pricing behavior and welfare. Using Japanese data, we find that e-commerce lowered relative inflation rates for goods sold intensively online. We use long time series and historical catalog sales as an instrument for e-commerce sales intensity. The entry of e-commerce firms raised the rate of intercity price convergence in physical stores for goods sold intensively online, but not for other goods, which suggests e-commerce enhances price a...
