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作者：Gustafson, Paul
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：Consider using regression modelling to relate an exposure (predictor) variable to a disease outcome (response) variable. If the exposure variable is measured with error, but this error is ignored in the analysis, then misleading inferences can result. This problem is well known and has spawned a large literature on methods which adjust for measurement error in predictor variables. One theme is that the requisite assumptions about the nature of the measurement error can be stronger than what is...
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作者：Lijoi, Antonio; Mena, Ramses H.; Prunster, Igor
作者单位：University of Pavia; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin; University of Turin
摘要：The paper deals with the problem of determining the number of components in a mixture model. We take a Bayesian non-parametric approach and adopt a hierarchical model with a suitable non-parametric prior for the latent structure. A commonly used model for such a problem is the mixture of Dirichlet process model. Here, we replace the Dirichlet process with a more general non-parametric prior obtained from a generalized gamma process. The basic feature of this model is that it yields a partition...
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作者：Chatterjee, Nilanjan; Chen, Yi-Hau
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); NIH National Cancer Institute- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics; Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：Two-phase stratified sampling designs can reduce the cost of genetic epidemiologic studies by limiting expensive ascertainments of genetic and environmental exposure to an efficiently selected subsample (phase II) of the main study (phase I). Family history and some covariate information, which may be cheaply gathered for all subjects at phase I, can be used for sampling of informative subjects at phase II. We develop alternative maximum likelihood methods for analysis of data from such studie...
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作者：Geneletti, Sara
作者单位：Imperial College London
摘要：Identifying direct and indirect effects is a common problem in the social science and medical literature and can be described as follows. A treatment is administered and a response is recorded. However, another variable mediates the effect of the treatment on the response, in some way channelling a part of the treatment effect. The question is how to extricate the direct and channelled (indirect) effects from one another when it is not possible to intervene on the mediating variable. The aim o...
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作者：Qin, Jing; Zhang, Biao
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
摘要：The problem of missing response data is ubiquitous in medical and social science studies. In the case of responses that are missing at random (depending on some covariate information), analyses focused only on the complete data may lead to biased results. Various debias methods have been extensively studied in the literature, particularly the weighting method that was motivated by Horvitz and Thompson's estimators. To improve efficiency, Robins, Rotnitzky and Zhao proposed augmented estimating...
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作者：Allassonniere, S.; Amit, Y.; Trouve, A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Universite Paris 13; Universite Paris Saclay
摘要：The problem of estimating probabilistic deformable template models in the field of computer vision or of probabilistic atlases in the field of computational anatomy has not yet received a coherent statistical formulation and remains a challenge. We provide a careful definition and analysis of a well-defined statistical model based on dense deformable templates for grey level images of deformable objects. We propose a rigorous Bayesian framework for which we prove asymptotic consistency of the ...
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作者：Cuzick, Jack; Sasieni, Peter; Myles, Jonathan; Tyrer, Jonathan
作者单位：Cancer Research UK; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：Methods for adjusting for non-compliance and contamination, which respect the randomization, are extended from binary outcomes to time-to-event analyses by using a proportional hazards model. A simple non-iterative method is developed when there are no covariates, which is a generalization of the Mantel-Haenszel estimator. More generally, a 'partial likelihood' is developed which accommodates covariates under the assumption that they are independent of compliance. A key feature is that the pro...
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作者：Field, C. A.; Welsh, A. H.
作者单位：Australian National University; Dalhousie University
摘要：Various bootstraps have been proposed for bootstrapping clustered data from one-way arrays. The simulation results in the literature suggest that some of these methods work quite well in practice; the theoretical results are limited and more mixed in their conclusions. For example, McCullagh reached negative conclusions about the use of non-parametric bootstraps for one-way arrays. The purpose of this paper is to extend our understanding of the issues by discussing the effect of different ways...
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作者：Gneiting, Tilmann; Balabdaoui, Fadoua; Raftery, Adrian E.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Gottingen
摘要：Probabilistic forecasts of continuous variables take the form of predictive densities or predictive cumulative distribution functions. We propose a diagnostic approach to the evaluation of predictive performance that is based on the paradigm of maximizing the sharpness of the predictive distributions subject to calibration. Calibration refers to the statistical consistency between the distributional forecasts and the observations and is a joint property of the predictions and the events that m...
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作者：van der Laan, Mark J.; Hubbard, Alan; Jewell, Nicholas P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We propose a class of estimators of the treatment effect on a dichotomous outcome among the treated subjects within covariate and treatment arm strata in randomized trials with non-compliance. Recent papers by Vansteelandt and Goetghebeur, and Robins and Rotnitzky have presented consistent and asymptotically linear estimators of a causal odds ratio, which rely, beyond correct specification of a model for the causal odds ratio, on a correctly specified model for a potentially high dimensional n...
