Estimation of treatment effects in randomized trials with non-compliance and a dichotomous outcome

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: van der Laan, Mark J.; Hubbard, Alan; Jewell, Nicholas P.
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Berkeley
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1369-7412
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00598.x
• 发表日期: 2007
• 页码: 463-482
• 关键词: structural mean models; Causal Inference; variables; exposure

摘要

We propose a class of estimators of the treatment effect on a dichotomous outcome among the treated subjects within covariate and treatment arm strata in randomized trials with non-compliance. Recent papers by Vansteelandt and Goetghebeur, and Robins and Rotnitzky have presented consistent and asymptotically linear estimators of a causal odds ratio, which rely, beyond correct specification of a model for the causal odds ratio, on a correctly specified model for a potentially high dimensional nuisance parameter. In this paper we propose consistent, asymptotically linear and locally efficient estimators of a causal relative risk and a new parameter-called a switch causal relative risk-which relies only on the correct specification of a model for the parameter of interest. Our estimators are always consistent and asymptotically linear at the null hypothesis of no-treatment effect, thereby providing valid testing procedures. We examine the finite sample properties of these instrumental-variable-based estimators and the associated testing procedures in simulations and a data analysis of decaffeinated coffee consumption and miscarriage.