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作者：Zeng, Lang; Tang, Weijing; Ren, Zhao; Ding, Ying
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Carnegie Mellon University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm has been widely used to optimize deep Cox neural network (Cox-NN) by updating model parameters using mini-batches of data. We show that SGD aims to optimize the average of mini-batch partial-likelihood, which is different from the standard partial-likelihood. This distinction requires developing new statistical properties for the global optimizer, namely, the mini-batch maximum partial-likelihood estimator (mb-MPLE). We establish that mb-MPLE for...
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作者：Zhang, Rongmao; Cheng, Cong; Ke, Yuan; Zhang, Wenyang
作者单位：Zhejiang Gongshang University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Macau; University of Macau
摘要：Identifying latent cluster structures in spatial trends constitutes an important yet challenging task in diverse applications. In this article, we propose a novel method based on a discrepancy measure over small spatial blocks that effectively uncovers heterogeneity within dynamic spatial data. Our approach effectively detects boundaries where structural changes occur, thus allowing for more nuanced insights into underlying spatial patterns. Unlike methods predicated on strong stationarity ass...
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作者：Lee, Sze Ming; Chen, Yunxiao; Sit, Tony
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：High-dimensional multivariate longitudinal data, which arise when many outcome variables are measured repeatedly over time, are becoming increasingly common in social, behavioral and health sciences. We propose a latent variable model for drawing statistical inferences on covariate effects and predicting future outcomes based on high-dimensional multivariate longitudinal data. This model introduces unobserved factors to account for the between-variable and across-time dependence and assist the...
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作者：Chen, Xuanyu; Zhu, Jin; Zhu, Junxian; Wang, Xueqin; Zhang, Heping
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Birmingham; National University of Singapore; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Yale University
摘要：The reconstruction of interaction networks between random events is a critical problem arising from statistical physics and politics, sociology, biology, psychology, and beyond. The Ising model lays the foundation for this reconstruction process, but finding the underlying Ising model from the least amount of observed samples in a computationally efficient manner has been historically challenging for half a century. Using sparsity learning, we present an approach named SLIDE whose sample compl...
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作者：Li, Wei; Liu, Jiapeng; Ding, Peng; Geng, Zhi
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Renmin University of China; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Beijing Technology & Business University
摘要：Estimating causal effects in a target population with unmeasured confounders is challenging, especially when instrumental variables (IVs) are unavailable. However, IVs from auxiliary populations with similar problems can help infer causal effects in the target population. While the homogeneous conditional average treatment effect assumption has been widely used for effect transportability, it has not been explored in IV-based data fusion. We include it as a basic approach, though it may be bia...
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作者：Ma, Tianwen; Huggins, Jane E.; Kang, Jian
作者单位：Emory University; Rollins School Public Health; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：An Event-Related Potential (ERP)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Speller System assists people with disabilities to communicate by decoding electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. A P300-ERP embedded in EEG signals arises in response to a rare, but relevant event (target) among a series of irrelevant events (non-target). Different machine learning methods have constructed binary classifiers to detect target events, known as calibration. The existing calibration strategy uses data from partici...
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作者：Zhou, Zheng; Mee, Robert; Hamers, Herbert; Zheng, Wei
作者单位：Beijing University of Technology; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Tilburg University; Tilburg University
摘要：The Shapley value is a well-known concept in cooperative game theory that provides a fair way to distribute revenues or costs among players. It has found applications in many fields besides economics, such as marketing and biology. Recently, it has been widely applied in data science for data quality evaluation and model interpretation. However, the computation of the Shapley value is an NP-hard problem. For a cooperative game with n players, calculating Shapley values for all players requires...
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作者：Xie, Yangxinyu; Li, Xiang; Mallick, Tanwi; Su, Weijie; Zhang, Ruixun
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; Peking University; Peking University; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Watermarking language models is essential for distinguishing between human and machine-generated text and thus maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of digital communication. We present a novel green/red list watermarking approach that partitions the token set into green and red lists, subtly increasing the generation probability for green tokens. To correct token distribution bias, our method employs maximal coupling, using a uniform coin flip to decide whether to apply bias correctio...
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作者：Chen, Zhe; Cho, Min Haeng; Zhang, Bo
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：Regionalization of intensive care for premature infants refers to a triage system that directs mothers to hospitals with varying capabilities based on the risks their babies face. Given the limited capacity of highly specialized hospitals, understanding the impact of delivering premature infants at these facilities on infant mortality could facilitate the design of a more efficient perinatal regionalization system. To address this, Baiocchi et al. proposed strengthening a continuous instrument...
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作者：Szabo, Botond; Hadji, Amine; van der Vaart, Aad
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Delft University of Technology
摘要：We consider the accuracy of an approximate posterior distribution in nonparametric regression problems by combining posterior distributions computed on subsets of the data defined by the locations of the independent variables. We show that this approximate posterior retains the rate of recovery of the full data posterior distribution, where the rate of recovery adapts to the smoothness of the true regression function. As particular examples we consider Gaussian process priors based on integrat...
