Identification and Multiply Robust Estimation of Causal Effects via Instrumental Variables from An Auxiliary Population

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Li, Wei; Liu, Jiapeng; Ding, Peng; Geng, Zhi
• 署名单位: Renmin University of China; Renmin University of China; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Beijing Technology & Business University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0162-1459; 1537-274X
• DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2025.2576797
• 发表日期: 2026-04-03
• 页码: 1372-1383
• 关键词: Causal Inference; confounding; data fusion; Semiparametric Efficiency; transportability; randomized-trial; average; inference; cancer

摘要

Estimating causal effects in a target population with unmeasured confounders is challenging, especially when instrumental variables (IVs) are unavailable. However, IVs from auxiliary populations with similar problems can help infer causal effects in the target population. While the homogeneous conditional average treatment effect assumption has been widely used for effect transportability, it has not been explored in IV-based data fusion. We include it as a basic approach, though it may be biased when treatment effect heterogeneity exists. As an alternative approach, we introduce the equi-confounding assumption that the unmeasured confounding bias remains the same after adjusting for observed covariates, while allowing conditional average treatment effects to differ across populations. This allows us to identify the confounding bias in the auxiliary population and remove it from the treatment-outcome association in the target population to recover the causal effect. We develop multiply robust estimators under both approaches and demonstrate them through simulation studies and a real data application. Supplementary materials for this article are available online, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work.