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作者：Tansey, Wesley; Athey, Alex; Reinhart, Alex; Scott, James G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We consider the problem of estimating a spatially varying density function, motivated by problems that arise in large-scale radiological survey and anomaly detection. In this context, the density functions to be estimated are the background gamma-ray energy spectra at sites spread across a large geographical area, such as nuclear production and waste-storage sites, military bases, medical facilities, university campuses, or the downtown of a city. Several challenges combine to make this a diff...
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作者：Uematsu, Kazuki; Lee, Yoonkyung
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：This article investigates the theoretical relation between loss criteria and the optimal ranking functions driven by the criteria in bipartite ranking. In particular, the relation between area under the ROC curve (AUC) maximization and minimization of ranking risk under a convex loss is examined. We characterize general conditions for ranking-calibrated loss functions in a pairwise approach, and show that the best ranking functions under convex ranking-calibrated loss criteria produce the same...
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作者：Chakrabarty, Dalia
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of Warwick
摘要：We present a new test of hypothesis in which we seek the, probability of the null conditioned on the data, where the null is a simplification undertaken to counter the intractability of the more complex model that the simpler null model is nested within. With the more complex model rendered intractable, the null model uses a simplifying assumption that capacitates the learning of an unknown parameter vector given the data. Bayes factors are shown to be known only up to a ratio of unknown data-...
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作者：Berry, Donald
作者单位：University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center
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作者：Xu, Gongjun; Sit, Tony; Wang, Lan; Huang, Chiung-Yu
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine
摘要：Biased sampling occurs frequently in economics, epidemiology, and medical studies either by design or due to data collecting mechanism. Failing to take into account the sampling bias usually leads to incorrect inference. We propose a unified estimation procedure and a computationally fast resampling method to make statistical inference for quantile regression with survival data under general biased sampling schemes, including but not limited to the length-biased sampling, the case-cohort desig...
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作者：Sun, Yifei; Huang, Chiung-Yu; Wang, Mei-Cheng
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine
摘要：Benefitrisk assessment is a crucial step in medical decision process. In many biomedical studies, both longitudinal marker measurements and time to a terminal event serve as important endpoints for benefitrisk assessment. The effect of an intervention or a treatment on the longitudinal marker process, however, can be in conflict with its effect on the time to the terminal event. Thus, questions arise on how to evaluate treatment effects based on the two endpoints, for the purpose of deciding o...
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作者：George, E. I.; Rockova, V.; Rosenbaum, P. R.; Satopaa, V. A.; Silber, J. H.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Chicago; INSEAD Business School; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Bayesian models are increasingly fit to large administrative datasets and then used to make individualized recommendations. In particular, Medicare's Hospital Compare webpage provides information to patients about specific hospital mortality rates for a heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hospital Compare's current recommendations are based on a random-effects logit model with a random hospital indicator and patient risk factors. Except for the largest hospitals, these individua...
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作者：Liu, Wei; Zhang, Zhiwei; Nie, Lei; Soon, Guoxing
作者单位：Harbin Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Riverside; US Food & Drug Administration (FDA); US Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
摘要：Rilpivirine and efavirenz are two major nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors currently available in the U.S. for treatment-naive adult patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two randomized clinical trials comparing the two drugs suggested that their relative efficacy may depend on baseline viral load and CD4 cell count. This article is concerned with the potential utilities of these biomarkers in developing individualized treatment regimes that attempt to maximize...
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作者：Mueller, Ulrich K.; Wang, Yulong
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：We consider inference about tail properties of a distribution from an iid sample, based on extreme value theory. All of the numerous previous suggestions rely on asymptotics where eventually, an infinite number of observations from the tail behave as predicted by extreme value theory, enabling the consistent estimation of the key tail index, and the construction of confidence intervals using the delta method or other classic approaches. In small samples, however, extreme value theory might wel...
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作者：Yu, Guoqiang
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
