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作者：Du, Jin-Hong; Chen, Tianyu; Gao, Ming; Wang, Jingshu
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Chicago; University of Chicago
摘要：Trajectory inference methods are essential for analyzing the developmental paths of cells in single-cell sequencing datasets. It provides insights into cellular differentiation, transitions, and lineage hierarchies, helping unravel the dynamic processes underlying development and disease progression. However, many existing tools lack a coherent statistical model and reliable uncertainty quantification, limiting their utility and robustness. In this paper, we introduce VITAE (Variational Infere...
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作者：Fritzsche, Marco; Kruse, Karsten
作者单位：University of Oxford; Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology; Rosalind Franklin Institute; University of Geneva; University of Geneva
摘要：Mechanical force has repeatedly been highlighted to be involved in T cell activation. However, the biological significance of mechanical force for T cell receptor signaling remains under active consideration. Here, guided by theoretical analysis, we provide a perspective on how mechanical forces between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell can influence the bond of a single T cell receptor major histocompatibility complex during early T cell activation. We point out that the lifetime of T c...
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作者：Liu, Xiaoyi; Melcher, David; Carrasco, Marisa; Hanning, Nina M.
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; Princeton University; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：The presaccadic preview of a peripheral target enhances the efficiency of its postsaccadic processing, termed the extrafoveal preview effect. Peripheral visual performance-and thus the quality of the preview-varies around the visual field, even at isoeccentric locations: It is better along the horizontal than vertical meridian and along the lower than upper vertical meridian. To investigate whether these polar angle asymmetries influence the preview effect, we asked human participants to previ...
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作者：Richards, Miriam H.
作者单位：Brock University
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作者：Thiagarajan, Nivedita; Lepland, Aivo; Ryb, Uri; Torsvik, Trond H.; Ainsaar, Leho; Hints, Olle; Eiler, John
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Geological Survey of Norway; University of Tartu; Tallinn University of Technology; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Oslo
摘要：The oxygen isotope ratio O-18/O-16 (expressed as a delta O-18(VSMOW) value) in marine sedimentary rocks has increased by similar to 8 parts per thousand from the early Paleozoic to modern times. Interpretation of this trend is hindered by ambiguities in the temperature of formation of the carbonate, the delta O-18(seawater), and the effects of postdepositional diagenesis. Carbonate clumped isotope measurements, a temperature proxy, offer constraints on this problem. This thermometer is thermod...
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作者：Faulkner, Mary E.; Gong, Zhaoyuan; Bilgel, Murat; Laporte, John P.; Guo, Alex; Bae, Jonghyun; Palchamy, Elango; Kaileh, Mary; Bergeron, Christopher M.; Bergeron, Jan; Church, Sarah; D'Agostino, Jarod; Ferrucci, Luigi; Bouhrara, Mustapha
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA)
摘要：Emerging evidence suggests that altered myelination is an important pathophysiologic correlate of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Thus, improving myelin integrity may be an effective intervention to prevent and treat age- associated neurodegenerative pathologies. It has been suggested that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may preserve and enhance cerebral myelination throughout the adult lifespan, but this hypothesis has not been fully tested. A...
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作者：Shah, Shraddha; Hembrook-Short, Jacqueline; Mock, Vanessa; Briggs, Farran
作者单位：University of Rochester; Baylor College of Medicine; Dartmouth College; University of Rochester; University of Rochester; University of Rochester; University of Rochester
摘要：Visual cortical neurons show variability in their responses to repeated presentations of a stimulus and a portion of this variability is shared across neurons. Attention may enhance visual perception by reducing shared spiking variability. However, shared variability and its attentional modulation are not consistent within or across cortical areas, and depend on additional factors such as neuronal type. A critical factor that has not been tested is actual anatomical connectivity. We measured s...
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作者：Teitgen, Abigail E.; Hock, Marcus T.; Mccabe, Kimberly J.; Childers, Matthew C.; Huber, Gary A.; Marzban, Bahador; Beard, Daniel A.; McCammon, J. Andrew; Regnier, Michael; McCulloch, Andrew D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：2'-deoxy-ATP (dATP) improves cardiac function by increasing the rate of crossbridge cycling and Ca2+ transient decay. However, the mechanisms of these effects and how therapeutic responses to dATP are achieved when dATP is only a small fraction of the total ATP pool remain poorly understood. Here, we used a multiscale computational modeling approach to analyze the mechanisms by which dATP improves ventricular function. We integrated atomistic simulations of prepowerstroke myosin mechanics, cel...
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作者：Wang, Juan; Wang, Jing; Zhong, Jiuchang; Liu, Hongbin; Li, Weiming; Chen, Mulei; Xu, Li; Zhang, Wenbin; Zhang, Ze; Wei, Zhizhong; Guo, Jia; Wang, Xinyu; Sui, Jianhua; Liu, Xingpeng; Zhang, Sitao; Wang, Xiaodong
作者单位：Capital Medical University; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing; Tsinghua University
摘要：Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol- rich lipoproteins in macrophages. How macrophages commit to proinflammatory polarization under atherosclerosis conditions is not clear. Report here that the level of a circulating protein, leucine- rich alpha- 2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), is elevated in the atherosclerotic tissue and serum samples from patients with coronary ization through the activation of extracellular signal...
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作者：Rathje, Steve; Mirea, Dan-Mircea; Sucholutsky, Ilia; Marjieh, Raja; Robertson, Claire E.; Bavel, Jay J. Van
作者单位：New York University; Princeton University; Princeton University; New York University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：The social and behavioral sciences have been increasingly using automated text analysis to measure psychological constructs in text. We explore whether GPT, the large- language model (LLM) underlying the AI chatbot ChatGPT, can be used as a tool for automated psychological text analysis in several languages. Across 15 datasets (n = 47,925 manually annotated tweets and news headlines), we tested whether different versions of GPT (3.5 Turbo, 4, and 4 Turbo) can accurately detect psychological co...
