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作者：Sjolander, A.; Hagg, S.
作者单位：Karolinska Institutet
摘要：A common aim of empirical research is to regress an outcome on a set of covariates, when some covariates are subject to missingness. If the probability of missingness is conditionally independent of the outcome, given the covariates, then a complete-case analysis is unbiased for parameters conditional on covariates. We derive all testable constraints that such outcome-independent missingness not at random implies on the observed data distribution, for settings where both the outcome and covari...
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作者：Ye, Hanxuan; Li, Hongzhe
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine
摘要：Traditional statistical and machine learning methods typically assume that the training and test data follow the same distribution. However, this assumption is frequently violated in real-world applications, where the training data in the source domain may underrepresent specific subpopulations in the test data of the target domain. This article addresses target-independent learning under covariate shift, focusing on multicalibration for survival probability and restricted mean survival time. ...
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作者：Clemente, Aldo; Arnone, Eleonora; Mateu, Jorge; Sangalli, Laura M.
作者单位：Polytechnic University of Milan; University of Turin
摘要：This work discusses a theory of functional spaces over metric graphs that permits the definition of penalized likelihood methods for data observed over spatial supports that are graphs. Within the considered mathematical framework, we recover classical results in functional analysis, such as a Poincar & eacute;-type inequality. This, in turn, enables us to uplift, to the present setting, the theory of some fundamental penalized likelihood methods. Specifically, we present two important classes...
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作者：Mauri, L.; Dunson, D. B.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This article focuses on covariance estimation for multi-view data. Popular approaches rely on factor-analytic decompositions with shared and view-specific latent factors. Posterior computation is conducted via expensive and brittle Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling or variational approximations that underestimate uncertainty and lack theoretical guarantees. Our proposed methodology employs spectral decompositions to estimate and align latent factors that are active in at least one view. Condit...
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作者：Su, Zehao; Rytgaard, Helene C.; Ravn, Henrik; Eriksson, Frank
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Novo Nordisk
摘要：We consider the problem of indirect comparison, where a treatment arm of interest is absent by design in one randomized controlled trial, but available in the other. The former is the target trial, and the latter is the source trial. The identifiability of the target population average treatment effect often relies on conditional transportability assumptions. However, it is a common concern whether all relevant effect modifiers are measured and controlled for. We give a new proximal identifica...
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作者：Wolock, C. J.; Gilbert, P. B.; Simon, N.; Carone, M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Given a collection of features available for inclusion in a predictive model, it may be of interest to quantify the relative importance of a subset of features for the prediction task at hand. For example, in HIV vaccine trials, participant baseline characteristics are used to predict the probability of HIV acquisition over the intended follow-up period, and investigators may wish to understand how much certain types of predictors, such as behavioural factors, contribute to overall predictiven...
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作者：Li, Tianxi; Levina, Elizaveta; Zhu, Ji
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作者：Martinussen, Torben; Vansteelandt, Stijn
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Ghent University
摘要：Cox regression is the default approach to evaluating the (relative) effect of two treatments on a survival endpoint. This standard framework has nonetheless been criticized for its canonical effect measure, the hazard ratio, having a subtle interpretation, thereby hindering policy-making. This in turn has prompted interest in other effects measures, such as the difference in restricted mean survival time, the net benefit and the win ratio, which have become increasingly popular. Developments i...
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作者：Barigozzi, Matteo; Cho, Haeran; Maeng, Hyeyoung
作者单位：University of Bologna; University of Bristol; Durham University
摘要：We study the problem of factor modelling vector- and tensor-valued time series in the presence of heavy tails in the data, which produce extreme observations with nonnegligible probability. We propose combining a two-step procedure for tensor decomposition with data truncation, which is easy to implement and does not require an iterative search for a numerical solution. Departing from the light-tail assumptions often adopted in the time series factor-modelling literature, we derive the consist...
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作者：Beraha, M.; Camerlenghi, F.; Ghilotti, L.
作者单位：University of Milano-Bicocca; Duke University
摘要：Palm distributions play a central role in the study of point processes and their associated summary statistics. In this work, we characterize the Palm distributions of the superposition of independent point processes, establishing a simple mixture representation depending on the point processes' Palm distributions and moment measures. We explore two statistical applications enabled by our main result. First, we consider minimum contrast estimation for corrupted point processes. Second, we inve...
