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作者：Abilez, Oscar J.; Yang, Huaxiao; Guan, Yuan; Shen, Mengcheng; Yildirim, Zehra; Yan, Zhuge; Venkateshappa, Ravichandra; Zhao, Shane R.; Gomez, Angello H.; El-Mokahal, Marcel; Dunkenberger, Logan; Ono, Yoshikazu; Shibata, Masafumi; Nwokoye, Peter N.; Tian, Lei; Wilson, Kitchener D.; Lyall, Evan H.; Jia, Fangjun; Wo, Hung Ta; Zhou, Gao; Aldana, Bryan; Karakikes, Ioannis; Obal, Detlef; Peltz, Gary; Zarins, Christopher K.; Wu, Joseph C.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Although model organisms have provided insight into the earliest stages of cardiac and hepatic vascularization, we know very little about this process in humans because of ethical restrictions and the technical difficulty of obtaining embryos during very early development. In this study, we demonstrate that micropatterned human pluripotent stem cell-derived gastruloids enable in vitro modeling of the earliest stages of vascularization. We identify a combination of vascular-inducing factors tha...
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作者：Lewandowsky, Stephan
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作者：Xu, Xin; Zhang, Xiuming; Zou, Yiyang; Chen, Tianrun; Zhan, Jingfang; Cheng, Luxi; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zhang, Shaohui; Vitousek, Peter M.; de Vries, Wim; Gu, Baojing
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; University of Zielona Gora; Beihang University; Stanford University; Wageningen University & Research; Zhejiang University
摘要：Carbon and nitrogen are central elements in global biogeochemical cycles. To effectively manage carbon and nitrogen in China, we developed a comprehensive model for quantifying their fluxes, investigating their interplay across 16 human and natural subsystems. Between 1980 and 2020, nitrogen losses in China increased 2.3-fold and carbon emissions surged 6.5-fold. Integrated carbon and nitrogen management holds the potential for a 74% reduction in nitrogen losses to air and water and a 91% decr...
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作者：Xun, Yu; Jiang, Yiao; Xu, Baijie; Tang, Miao; Ludwig, Sara; Nakamura, Kazuhiro; Mukhopadhyay, Saikat; Liu, Chen; Beutler, Bruce; Zhang, Zhao
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Nagoya University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：The melanocortin system centrally regulates energy homeostasis, with key components such as melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and adenylyl cyclase 3 (ADCY3) in neuronal primary cilia. Mutations in MC4R and ADCY3 as well as ciliary dysfunction lead to obesity, but how melanocortin signaling works in cilia remains unclear. Using mouse random germline mutagenesis, we identified two missense mutations in G protein-coupled receptor 45 (Gpr45) that lead to obesity through hyperphagia. GPR45 was express...
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作者：Buchanan, Pearse J.; Sun, Xin; Weissman, J. L.; McCoy, Daniel; Bianchi, Daniele; Zakem, Emily J.
作者单位：Carnegie Institution for Science; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Environment; City University of New York (CUNY) System; City College of New York (CUNY); State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Anaerobic metabolisms are thought to dominate nitrogen cycling in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). However, thriving populations of aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in AMZs challenge this assumption and remain unexplained. Using theory and modeling, we show how periodic oxygen intrusions sustain aerobic NOB in AMZs alongside more competitive aerobic heterotrophs. Ecological theory, supported by numerical simulations and genomics, frames NOB as opportunists exploiting a fleeting supply of ox...
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作者：Zhao, Xiaoli; Wu, Xiaowei; Wang, Qi; Wu, Fengchang
作者单位：Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Sichuan University
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作者：Cho, Adrian
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作者：DeMartino, George F.
作者单位：University of Denver
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作者：Thorp, H. Holden
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作者：Zheng, Yu; Cai, Ruyi; Wang, Kui; Zhang, Junwei; Zhuo, Yizhou; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Yuqi; Wang, Yifan; Deng, Fei; Ji, En; Cui, Yiwen; Fang, Shilin; Zhang, Xinxin; Huang, Haiyun; Zhang, Kecheng; Wang, Jinxu; Li, Guochuan; Miao, Xiaolei; Wang, Zhenghua; Yang, Yuqing; Li, Shaochuang; Grimm, Jonathan B.; Johnsson, Kai; Schreiter, Eric R.; Lavis, Luke D.; Chen, Zhixing; Mu, Yu; Li, Yulong
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS; Peking University; Max Planck Society; New York University; NYU Langone Medical Center; Capital Medical University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Dopamine (DA) plays a crucial role in a variety of brain functions through intricate interactions with other neuromodulators and intracellular signaling pathways. However, studying these complex networks has been hindered by the challenge of detecting multiple neurochemicals in vivo simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, we developed a single-protein chemigenetic DA sensor, HaloDA1.0, which combines a cpHaloTag-chemical dye approach with the G protein-coupled receptor activation-based (G...
