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作者：Dahlstrom, Carl; Lapuente, Victor
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：This article aims to explain cross-country variations in a paradigmatic element of the new public management reforms: the shift from low-powered incentives (i.e., flat salaries) to high-powered ones (i.e., performance-related pay [PRP] systems). It presents a theoretical model based on insights developed for understanding the success of performance-related incentives in the private sector. Economic literature has underlined the need for a system of separation of interests within firms to make ...
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作者：Brown, Trevor L.; Potoski, Matthew; Van Slyke, David M.
作者单位：Iowa State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Syracuse University
摘要：A fundamental source of contracting failure is product uncertainty. When the product's cost, quality, and quantity cannot be easily defined, buyers and sellers are unable to clearly and completely define exchange terms. The risk is that the buyer is the only purchaser of this complex product, and once the contract islet, the vendor is the only supplier. The consequence is a collective action problem in which each party has incentives to exploit contract ambiguities for their own gain at the ot...
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作者：Hood, Christopher; Dixon, Ruth
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Assuming elected politicians have some incentive to adopt public service management systems that will help secure their reelection, this article tests 11 hypotheses about political payoffs to incumbents from ambitious performance target systems. The data come from central performance targets for health and education in Great Britain in the early 2000s and are analyzed through a consilience approach that combines analysis of electoral and opinion poll data with analysis of press reports, legisl...
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作者：Damanpour, Fariborz; Schneider, Marguerite
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作者：Witko, Christopher; Newmark, Adam J.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University; Saint Louis University
摘要：Many scholars have argued that there are strong incentives for states to spend less money on redistributive or consumption programs, such as welfare, and more on developmental or investment programs, such as highways. Yet, over the last few decades, the proportion of state budgets allocated to expenditures intended to develop human and physical capital, specifically education and highways, has declined. In real terms, spending on virtually every government program has increased but expenditure...
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作者：Oberfield, Zachary W.
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; City College of New York (CUNY)
摘要：As important players in the policy process, many studies have investigated the determinants of bureaucratic behavior. One intriguing set of findings suggests that behavior is linked to bureaucrats' views of themselves as government officials and their views of the people who they serve. Despite the importance of workers' perceptions, we have little understanding about how bureaucrats develop psychologically. From a theoretical perspective, workers' views may be associated with extraorganizatio...
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作者：Jacobson, Willow S.; Palus, Christine Kelleher; Bowling, Cynthia J.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Villanova University; Auburn University System; Auburn University
摘要：Understanding the relationship between organizational performance, gender, and management is crucial to scholars and practitioners alike. In this article, we focus on whether women manage differently than their male counterparts and whether these varied behaviors translate to organizational outcomes. With respect to management activities, we examine internal management as well as external networking patterns with peers and political principals. Through our investigation, we also address a numb...
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作者：Zhang, Yahong; Feiock, Richard C.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Newark; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：City managers' policy leadership has drawn great attention from scholars of public administration. However, what factors explain variation in managers' policy-making roles has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the mechanisms leading elected officials to defer to the manager in policy making. Survey data from Florida council-manager cities indicate that noninstitutional factors-such as mayors' political experience, managers' professionalism, and concordance of manager an...
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作者：Hou, Yilin; Smith, Daniel L.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; New York University
摘要：Both formal rules and informal norms guide government operations; formal rules often function through informal norms. Balanced budget requirements (BBRs) are formal rules, but they are implemented via the intermediary of informal norms-interpretation of BBRs by state officials. This article examines the fiscal implications of informal norms that govern budgetary balance. We propose that informal norms have substantive implications in policy making and implementation. To test the proposition, w...
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作者：Milward, H. Brinton; Provan, Keith G.; Fish, Amy; Isett, Kimberley R.; Huang, Kun
作者单位：University of Arizona; Columbia University; University of New Mexico
摘要：This article presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of two community mental health networks that both have similar contracts from the State of Arizona. One of the networks is governed by a for-profit firm that buys needed services from a network of largely nonprofit agencies. The other network is governed by a community-based nonprofit that contracts with four separate nonprofit agencies to provide services directly or through a network of other providers, most of which are nonprofit...
