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作者：Gillooly, Jessica W.
作者单位：Suffolk University
摘要：Until now, 911 dispatch centers largely have been the black box of the criminal justice system. This article opens that black box. It documents systematically a new mechanism in the policing process: the degree to which a 911 call-taker's alarmist response to a call primes police officer perceptions at the scene. This study leverages the quasi-random assignment of 911 call-takers to calls and employs an instrumental variable approach novel to dispatch. The author focuses her analysis on call-f...
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作者：Decker, Paul; Kelly, Kevin
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作者：Coopersmith, Jared; Cook, Thomas D.; Zurovac, Jelena; Chaplin, Duncan; Forrow, Lauren, V
作者单位：Mathematica; Northwestern University; George Washington University; Mathematica
摘要：This paper meta-analyzes 12 heterogeneous studies that examine bias in the comparative interrupted time-series design (CITS) that is often used to evaluate the effects of social policy interventions. To measure bias, each CITS impact estimate was differenced from the estimate derived from a theoretically unbiased causal benchmark study that tested the same hypothesis with the same treatment group, outcome data, and estimand. In 10 studies, the benchmark was a randomized experiment and in the o...
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作者：Glied, Sherry
作者单位：New York University
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作者：Danagoulian, Shooshan; Grossman, Daniel; Slusky, David
作者单位：Wayne State University; West Virginia University; University of Kansas
摘要：Environmental disasters can affect how individuals use healthcare services. We use the Flint water crisis to examine rates of avoidable emergency care, which is costly to both providers and patients, and office visits. In September 2015, the city of Flint issued a lead advisory to its residents, alerting them of increased lead levels in their drinking water, resulting from the switch in water source from Lake Huron to the Flint River. Using Medicaid claims for 2013 to 2016, we find that this a...
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作者：Tekin, Erdal
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作者：Heinrich, Carolyn J.; Cheng, Huiping
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University Peabody College; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：An emerging body of research links online credit recovery programs to rising high school graduation rates but does not find comparable increases in student learning. This study follows high school students who engaged in online credit recovery into the labor market to understand the longer-term implications of this growing educational trend. If online credit recovery contributes to high school completion and facilitates job entry, then participants in online credit recovery may have labor mark...
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作者：Grissom, Jason A.; Bartanen, Brendan
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University Peabody College; University of Virginia
摘要：Classroom observations are the largest component of evaluation ratings given to teachers in the multiple-measure evaluation systems states have implemented in the last decade. Using data from the first eight years of Tennessee's teacher evaluation system, we document race and gender gaps in observation ratings and ask whether these gaps reflect true differences in instructional effectiveness. White and female teachers receive, on average, 0.15 standard deviations (SD) and 0.30 SD higher observ...
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作者：Kessler, Judd B.; Tahamont, Sarah; Gelber, Alexander; Isen, Adam
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of California System; University of California San Diego; United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Recent policy discussions have proposed government-guaranteed jobs, including for youth. One key potential benefit of youth employment is a reduction in criminal justice contact. Prior work on summer youth employment programs has documented little-to-no effect of the program on crime during the program but has found decreases in violent and other serious crimes among at-risk youth in the year or two after the program. We add to this picture by studying randomized lotteries for access to the Ne...
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作者：Augustine, Elsa; Lacoe, Johanna; Raphael, Steven; Skog, Alissa
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：In the traditional criminal justice system, an arrest is followed by multiple decision points determining detention, prosecution, guilt, and sentence. Many jurisdictions across the United States (U.S.) are exploring alternative programs and approaches that consider individual needs and assessed risks at each decision point. San Francisco County uses post-filing pretrial diversion programs as alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system for defendants based on factors including socia...
