Operations Research

最新文章

• Differential Characteristics of Efficient Frontiers in Data Envelopment Analysis AI翻译
  作者：Podinovski, Victor V.; Forsund, Finn R.
  作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Oslo
  摘要：The implicit definition and nondifferentiability of efficient frontiers used in data envelopment analysis are two major obstacles to obtaining their differential characteristics, including various elasticity measures and marginal rates of substitution. In this paper we invoke the theorem of the directional derivative of the optimal value function and show how this can be used to define and calculate the required elasticities without any simplifying assumptions. This approach allows us to exten...
• Dynamic Lead-Time Quotation for an M/M/1 Base-Stock Inventory Queue AI翻译
  作者：Savasaneril, Secil; Griffin, Paul M.; Keskinocak, Pinar
  作者单位：Middle East Technical University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
  摘要：We study a dynamic lead-time quotation problem in a base-stock inventory system characterized by lead-time sensitive Poisson demand and exponentially distributed service times. We show that the optimal profit is unimodal in the base-stock level. We compare the base-stock system with a make-to-order (MTO) system and show that the lead-time quotes are lower in an MTO system and that increasing the base-stock level does not necessarily decrease the expected number of customers waiting. Numerical ...
• Myopic Solutions of Homogeneous Sequential Decision Processes AI翻译
  作者：Sobel, Matthew J.; Wei, Wei
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
  摘要：An optimum of a Markov decision process (MDP) is myopic if it can be obtained by solving a series of static problems. Myopic optima are desirable because they can be computed relatively easily. We identify new classes of MDPs with myopic optima and sequential games with myopic equilibrium points. In one of the classes, the single-period reward is homogeneous with respect to the state variable. We illustrate the results with models of revenue management and investment.
• Series Expansions for Continuous-Time Markov Processes AI翻译
  作者：Heidergott, Bernd; Hordijk, Arie; Leder, Nicole
  作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; University of Hamburg
  摘要：We present update formulas that allow us to express the stationary distribution of a continuous-time Markov process with denumerable state space having generator matrix Q* through a continuous-time Markov process with generator matrix Q. Under suitable stability conditions, numerical approximations can be derived from the update formulas, and we show that the algorithms converge at a geometric rate. Applications to sensitivity analysis and bounds on perturbations are discussed as well. Numeric...
• No-Holdback Allocation Rules for Continuous-Time Assemble-to-Order Systems AI翻译
  作者：Lu, Yingdong; Song, Jing-Sheng; Zhao, Yao
  作者单位：International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA; Duke University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Newark
  摘要：This paper analyzes a class of common-component allocation rules, termed no-holdback (NHB) rules, in continuous-review assemble-to-order (ATO) systems with positive lead times. The inventory of each component is replenished following an independent base-stock policy. In contrast to the usually assumed first-come-first-served (FCFS) component allocation rule in the literature, an NHB rule allocates a component to a product demand only if it will yield immediate fulfillment of that demand. We id...
• Data Envelopment Analysis as Nonparametric Least-Squares Regression AI翻译
  作者：Kuosmanen, Timo; Johnson, Andrew L.
  作者单位：Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Aalto University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
  摘要：Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is known as a nonparametric mathematical programming approach to productive efficiency analysis. In this paper, we show that DEA can be alternatively interpreted as nonparametric least-squares regression subject to shape constraints on the frontier and sign constraints on residuals. This reinterpretation reveals the classic parametric programming model by Aigner and Chu [Aigner, D., S. Chu. 1968. On estimating the industry production function. Amer. Econom. Rev....
• The cμ/θ Rule for Many-Server Queues with Abandonment AI翻译
  作者：Atar, Rami; Giat, Chanit; Shimkin, Nahum
  作者单位：Technion Israel Institute of Technology
  摘要：We consider a multiclass queueing system with multiple homogeneous servers and customer abandonment. For each customer class i, the holding cost per unit time, the service rate, and the abandonment rate are denoted by c(i), mu(i), and theta(i), respectively. We prove that under a many-server fluid scaling and overload conditions, a server-scheduling policy that assigns priority to classes according to their index c(i)mu(i)/theta(i) is asymptotically optimal for minimizing the overall long-run ...
• Sharing Supermodular Costs AI翻译
  作者：Schulz, Andreas S.; Uhan, Nelson A.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：We study cooperative games with supermodular costs. We show that supermodular costs arise in a variety of situations; in particular, we show that the problem of minimizing a linear function over a supermodular polyhedron-a problem that often arises in combinatorial optimization-has supermodular optimal costs. In addition, we examine the computational complexity of the least core and least core value of supermodular cost cooperative games. We show that the problem of computing the least core va...
• Stochastic Kriging for Simulation Metamodeling AI翻译
  作者：Ankenman, Bruce; Nelson, Barry L.; Staum, Jeremy
  作者单位：Northwestern University
  摘要：We extend the basic theory of kriging, as applied to the design and analysis of deterministic computer experiments, to the stochastic simulation setting. Our goal is to provide flexible, interpolation-based metamodels of simulation output performance measures as functions of the controllable design or decision variables, or uncontrollable environmental variables. To accomplish this, we characterize both the intrinsic uncertainty inherent in a stochastic simulation and the extrinsic uncertainty...
• Lumpy Capacity Investment and Disinvestment Dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Besanko, David; Doraszelski, Ulrich; Lu, Lauren Xiaoyuan; Satterthwaite, Mark
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Harvard University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
  摘要：Capacity addition and withdrawal decisions are among the most important strategic decisions made by firms in oligopolistic industries. In this paper, we develop and analyze a fully dynamic model of an oligopolistic industry with lumpy capacity and lumpy investment/disinvestment. We use our model to suggest answers to two questions: First, what economic factors facilitate preemption races? Second, what economic factors facilitate capacity coordination? With a series of examples we show that low...