Operations Research

最新文章

• Controlling Co-Epidemics: Analysis of HIV and Tuberculosis Infection Dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Long, Elisa F.; Vaidya, Naveen K.; Brandeau, Margaret L.
  作者单位：Yale University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stanford University
  摘要：A co-epidemic arises when the spread of one infectious disease stimulates the spread of another infectious disease. Recently, this has happened with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). We develop two variants of a coepidemic model of two diseases. We calculate the basic reproduction number (R-0), the disease-free equilibrium, and the quasi-disease-free equilibria, which we de. ne as the existence of one disease along with the complete eradication of the other disease, and...
• Algorithmic Prediction of Health-Care Costs AI翻译
  作者：Bertsimas, Dimitris; Bjarnadottir, Margret V.; Kane, Michael A.; Kryder, J. Christian; Pandey, Rudra; Vempala, Santosh; Wang, Grant
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：The rising cost of health care is one of the world's most important problems. Accordingly, predicting such costs with accuracy is a significant first step in addressing this problem. Since the 1980s, there has been research on the predictive modeling of medical costs based on (health insurance) claims data using heuristic rules and regression methods. These methods, however, have not been appropriately validated using populations that the methods have not seen. We utilize modern data-mining me...
• Estimating the Patient's Price of Privacy in Liver Transplantation AI翻译
  作者：Sandikci, Burhaneddin; Maillart, Lisa M.; Schaefer, Andrew J.; Alagoz, Oguzhan; Roberts, Mark S.
  作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
  摘要：In the United States, patients with end-stage liver disease must join a waiting list to be eligible for cadaveric liver transplantation. Due to privacy concerns, the details of the composition of this waiting list are not publicly available. This paper considers the benefits associated with creating a more transparent waiting list. We study these benefits by modeling the organ accept/reject decision faced by these patients as a Markov decision process in which the state of the process is descr...
• Assessing Dynamic Breast Cancer Screening Policies AI翻译
  作者：Maillart, Lisa M.; Ivy, Julie Simmons; Ransom, Scott; Diehl, Kathleen
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; North Carolina State University; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Health Science Center; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Questions regarding the relative value and frequency of mammography screening for premenopausal women versus postmenopausal women remain open due to the conflicting age-based dynamics of both the disease (increasing incidence, decreasing aggression) and the accuracy of the test results (increasing sensitivity and specificity). To investigate these questions, we formulate a partially observed Markov chain model that captures several of these age-based dynamics not previously considered simultan...
• Optimal Initiation and Management of Dialysis Therapy AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Chris P.; Chertow, Glenn M.; Zenios, Stefanos A.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Dialysis is the most common therapy for patients afflicted with chronic kidney failure. Currently, little is known about the relationship between the timing of dialysis initiation and the therapy's cost and effectiveness. This paper examines the cost-effective initiation of dialysis and compares standard initiation criteria from the clinical literature to computationally derived strategies. Comparisons make use of a simulation model that integrates submodels of disease progression, hospitaliza...
• Novel Optimization Models for Abnormal Brain Activity Classification AI翻译
  作者：Chaovalitwongse, W. Art; Fan, Ya-Ju; Sachdeo, Rajesh C.
  作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Jersey Shore University Medical Center
  摘要：This paper proposes a new classification technique, called support feature machine (SFM), for multidimensional time-series data. The proposed technique was applied to the classification of abnormal brain activity represented in electroencephalograms (EEGs). First, the dynamical properties of EEGs from each electrode were extracted. These dynamical profiles were put in SFM, which is an optimization model that maximizes classification accuracy by selecting electrodes (features) that correctly cl...
• Robust Management of Motion Uncertainty in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy AI翻译
  作者：Bortfeld, Thomas; Chan, Timothy C. Y.; Trofimov, Alexei; Tsitsiklis, John N.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Radiation therapy is subject to uncertainties that need to be accounted for when determining a suitable treatment plan for a cancer patient. For lung and liver tumors, the presence of breathing motion during treatment is a challenge to the effective and reliable delivery of the radiation. In this paper, we build a model of motion uncertainty using probability density functions that describe breathing motion, and provide a robust formulation of the problem of optimizing intensity-modulated radi...
• A Dynamic Simulator for the Management of Disorders of the Body Water Homeostasis AI翻译
  作者：Karanfil, Oezge; Barlas, Yaman
  作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Bogazici University
  摘要：A dynamic model is built to study the water regulation of human body and related disorders, focusing on the fundamental feedback mechanisms involved in their normal and abnormal physiology. The simulation model is extended to include therapeutic interventions related to the most common body fluid disorder, namely, water intoxication/hyponatremia. The modeling approach is based on system dynamics methodology. Comparisons with experimental and field data show that the model adequately reproduces...
• Supply Chain Coordination and Influenza Vaccination AI翻译
  作者：Chick, Stephen E.; Mamani, Hamed; Simchi-Levi, David
  作者单位：INSEAD Business School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Annual influenza outbreaks incur great expenses in both human and monetary terms, and billions of dollars are being allocated for influenza pandemic preparedness in an attempt to avert even greater potential losses. Vaccination is a primary weapon for fighting influenza outbreaks. The influenza vaccine supply chain has characteristics that resemble the newsvendor problem but possesses several characteristics that distinguish it from many other supply chains. Differences include a nonlinear val...
• Dynamic Multipriority Patient Scheduling for a Diagnostic Resource AI翻译
  作者：Patrick, Jonathan; Puterman, Martin L.; Queyranne, Maurice
  作者单位：University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia
  摘要：We present a method to dynamically schedule patients with different priorities to a diagnostic facility in a public health-care setting. Rather than maximizing revenue, the challenge facing the resource manager is to dynamically allocate available capacity to incoming demand to achieve wait-time targets in a cost-effective manner. We model the scheduling process as a Markov decision process. Because the state space is too large for a direct solution, we solve the equivalent linear program thro...