-
作者：Ittner, CD; Larcker, DF
摘要：This paper provides exploratory evidence on the cross-sectional association between process management techniques and two profit measures: return on assets and return on sales. Using a sample of firms in two industries (automotive and computer) and four countries (Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United States), we find that certain process management techniques improve profitability while others have little effect on financial performance; In particular, long-term partnerships with suppliers a...
-
作者：Gopalakrishnan, M; Ahire, SL; Miller, DM
作者单位：Western Michigan University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：The dynamic nature of an operating environment, such as machine utilization and breakdown frequency results in changing preventive maintenance (PM) needs for manufacturing equipment. In this paper, we present an approach to generate an adaptive PM schedule which maximizes the net savings from PM subject to workforce constraints. The approach consists of two components: (a) task prioritization based on a multi-legit regression model for each type of PM task, and (b) task rescheduling based on a...
-
作者：Dutta, S; Weiss, AM
摘要：In this paper we investigate the relationship between the level of a firm's technological innovativeness and its pattern of partnership agreements (i.e., relative number of partnership agreements of one type versus another). We argue that the protection of tacit technological knowledge from potential opportunism is of importance to technologically innovative firms, and as a result they tend to have a relatively larger number of partnership agreements which generally minimize the transfer of ta...
-
作者：Balvers, RJ; Mitchell, DW
摘要：In recent years it has been shown empirically that stock returns exhibit positive or negative autocorrelation, depending on observation frequency. In this context of autocorrelated returns the present paper is the first to derive an explicit analytical solution to the dynamic portfolio problem of an individual agent saving for retirement (or other change of status, like the purchase of a house or starting college). Using a normal ARMA(1, 1) process, dynamic programming techniques combined with...
-
作者：Smith, RP; Eppinger, SD
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Engineering design often involves a very complex set of relationships among a large number of coupled problems. It is this complex coupling that leads to iteration among the various engineering tasks in a large project. The design structure matrix (DSM) is useful in identifying where iteration is necessary. The work transformation matrix model developed in this paper is a powerful extension of the DSM method which can predict slow and rapid convergence of iteration within a project, and predic...
-
作者：Desiraju, R; Moorthy, S
作者单位：University of Delaware; University of Rochester
摘要：In this paper we study how performance requirements may improve the working of a distribution channel when the retailer is better informed about demand conditions than the manufacturer. Performance requirements means that the manufacturer and retailer agree to (1) have the manufacturer set requirements on retail price or service or both, and (2) jointly invest in the information systems required to monitor the retailer's compliance with the requirements. We show that performance requirements o...
-
作者：Cao, BY; Glover, F
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：A cardinality-constrained TSP (CC-TSP) problem requires the salesman to visit at. least L and at most U cities, represented toy nodes of a graph. The objective of this problem is to maximize the sum of weights of nodes visited. In this paper we propose a tabu search method based on ejection chain procedures, which have proved effective for many kinds of combinatorial optimization problems. Computational results on a set of randomly generated test problems with various implementations of the al...
-
作者：Levinthal, DA
摘要：A simple model is developed to explore the interrelationship between processes of organizational level change and population selection forces. A critical property of the model is that the effect on organizational fitness of the various attributes that constitute an organization's form is interactive. As a result of these interaction effects, the fitness landscape is ''rugged.'' An organization's form at founding has a persistent effect on its future form when there are multiple peaks in the fi...
-
作者：Zhang, GC
摘要：This paper compares three capital-budgeting rules, the NPV rule, a high hurdle rate and capital rationing, and explains why some firms may voluntarily impose capital rationing. Under both capital rationing and a high hurdle, a restrictive investment criterion is used to control managerial shirking. However, implementation of these budgeting rules requires a mechanism to prevent the firm from expanding the investment scale ex post. Capital rationing, in the form of a predetermined, fixed budget...
-
作者：Andradottir, S
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We present a general framework for applying simulation to optimize the behavior of discrete event systems. Our approach involves modeling the discrete event system under study as a general state space Markov chain whose distribution depends on the decision parameters. We then show how simulation and the likelihood ratio method can be used to evaluate the performance measure of interest and its gradient, and we present conditions that guarantee that the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation al...
