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作者：Ceran, Yasin; Dawande, Milind; Liu, Dengpan; Mookerjee, Vijay
作者单位：Santa Clara University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Iowa State University
摘要：This study develops optimal transfer pricing schemes that manage software reuse in incremental software development, namely, a development regime wherein users begin utilizing parts of the system that are released to them even before the system is entirely completed. In this setting, conflicts can arise between developers and users from divergent interests concerning the release of functionalities in the project. The release of functionalities is influenced by reuse, i.e., the effort spent by ...
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作者：Chod, Jiri; Zhou, Jianer
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：This paper examines how the optimal investment in the capacity of flexible and nonflexible resources is affected by financial leverage and, conversely, how a firm's resource flexibility affects its optimal capital structure. We consider a two-product firm that invests in the optimal capacity of product-flexible and product-dedicated resources in the presence of demand uncertainty. Before investing in capacity, the firm issues the optimal amount of debt, trading off the tax benefit and lower tr...
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作者：Belo, Rodrigo; Ferreira, Pedro; Telang, Rahul
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of providing broadband to schools on students' performance. We use a rich panel of data on broadband use and students' grades from all middle schools in Portugal. Employing a first-differences specification to control for school-specific unobserved effects and instrumenting the quality of broadband to account for unobserved time-varying effects, we show that high levels of broadband use in schools were detrimental for grades on the ninth-grade national exams in ...
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作者：Jose, Victor Richmond R.; Grushka-Cockayne, Yael; Lichtendahl, Kenneth C., Jr.
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of Virginia
摘要：We introduce an alternative to the popular linear opinion pool for combining individual probability forecasts. One of the well-known problems with the linear opinion pool is that it can be poorly calibrated. It tends toward underconfidence as the crowd's diversity increases, i.e., as the variance in the individuals' means increases. To address this calibration problem, we propose the exterior-trimmed opinion pool. To form this pool, forecasts with low and high means, or cumulative distribution...
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作者：Vitorino, Maria Ana
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：This paper brings structural modeling to the literature on financial research in marketing. I propose a dynamic investment-based model to understand the impact of advertising expenditures on stock returns and firm value. In addition, by interpreting advertising expenditures as an investment in brand capital, the approach in this paper provides a novel way to measure brand equity grounded in economic theory. Using the Euler equations from the firm's maximization problem, I derive closed-form ex...
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作者：Xu, Lizhen; Duan, Jason A.; Whinston, Andrew
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：This paper studies the effects of various types of online advertisements on purchase conversion by capturing the dynamic interactions among advertisement clicks themselves. It is motivated by the observation that certain advertisement clicks may not result in immediate purchases, but they stimulate subsequent clicks on other advertisements, which then lead to purchases. We develop a novel model based on mutually exciting point processes, which consider advertisement clicks and purchases as dep...
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作者：Anantharaman, Divya; Fang, Vivian W.; Gong, Guojin
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Newark; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Theory posits that managerial holdings of debt (inside debt) align managers' incentives with those of outside debtholders. Executive pensions, consisting of rank-and-file (RAF) plans and supplemental executive retirement plans (SERPs), and other deferred compensation (ODC) have debt-like payoffs, and could therefore function as inside debt. However, whereas SERPs are often unfunded and unsecured, RAF plans are funded and secured to some extent, and ODC may be invested in equity and withdrawn f...
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作者：Milkman, Katherine L.; Minson, Julia A.; Volpp, Kevin G. M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Harvard University
摘要：We introduce and evaluate the effectiveness of temptation bundling-a method for simultaneously tackling two types of self-control problems by harnessing consumption complementarities. We describe a field experiment measuring the impact of bundling instantly gratifying but guilt-inducing want experiences (enjoying page-turner audiobooks) with valuable should behaviors providing delayed rewards (exercising). We explore whether such bundles increase should behaviors and whether people would pay t...
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作者：Lehman, David W.; Kovacs, Balazs; Carroll, Glenn R.
作者单位：University of Virginia; Universita della Svizzera Italiana; Stanford University
摘要：Organization theory highlights the spread of norms of rationality in contemporary life. Yet rationality does not always spread without friction; individuals often act based on other beliefs and norms. We explore this problem in the context of restaurants and diners. We argue that consumers potentially apply either of two social codes when forming value judgments about restaurants: (1) an apparently rational science-based code of hygiene involving compliance with local health regulations or (2)...
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作者：Nan, Lin; Wen, Xiaoyan
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：In this paper, we investigate the effect of accounting biases on firms' financing decisions and the role of accounting biases in endogenous information quality. We show that in industries with generally low-profit prospects, a downward-biased accounting system performs better than a neutral accounting system, and a more downward bias helps mitigate both investment and financing inefficiency; whereas for industries with generally high-profit prospects, an upward-biased accounting system is bett...
