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作者：Cramton, CD
作者单位：George Mason University
摘要：This paper proposes that maintaining mutual knowledge is a central problem of geographically dispersed collaboration and traces the consequences of failure to do so. It presents a model of these processes which is grounded in study of thirteen geographically dispersed teams. Five types of problems constituting failures of mutual knowledge are identified: failure to communicate and retain contextual information, unevenly distributed information, difficulty communicating and understanding the sa...
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作者：Weber, R; Camerer, C; Rottenstreich, Y; Knez, M
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper reports the results of experiments which examine attributions of leadership quality. Subjects played an abstract coordination game which is like many organizational problems. Previous research showed that when larger groups play the game, they rarely coordinate on the Pareto-optimal (efficient) outcome, but small groups almost always coordinate on the efficient outcome. After two or three periods of playing the game, one subject who was randomly selected from among the participants ...
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作者：Gittell, JH
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：There is a rich debate in organizational theory about the contribution of supervisors to group process and performance, and about the span of control needed to make that contribution. In this paper, I summarize the debate and develop competing hypotheses. These competing hypotheses are tested using multisite survey and archival measures, and interpreted using qualitative data from the same study. I find that small supervisory spans improve performance through their positive effects on group pr...
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作者：Dougherty, D
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University Newark; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：This study describes the image of organizing that underlies a complex organization's ability to incorporate streams of innovation with continuing operations. I argue that a mechanistic organization archetype prevents people from seeing in their minds' eyes-from imagining-how to do the work of innovation organizationwide, but that theorists have failed to articulate an alternative to this archetype in its own terms. The study focuses on two elements of organizing: the differentiation and the in...
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作者：Rivkin, JW
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：The complexity of a firm's strategy affects both the ease with which the firm can replicate the strategy in a new setting and the ease with which rivals can imitate it. Simple strategies are as readily imitated as replicated, and highly intricate strategies resist imitation and replication equally. At moderate levels of complexity, however, a wedge develops between the ease of replication and the difficulty of imitation, so long as the replicator has better information than the imitator about ...
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作者：Kogut, B; Kulatilaka, N
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Boston University
摘要：Strategy research consists of a balance between positive and normative theory. Normative theories suggest particular heuristics, or cognitive representations, to find appropriate solutions. Heuristics permit faster solutions to real-time problems; they also suffer from the potential of negative transfer to inappropriate applications. The theory of real options provides the appropriate heuristic framing of competencies and exploratory search. A real options approach marries the theory of financ...
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作者：Pitcher, P; Smith, AD
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of New Mexico
摘要：The authors have crafted a paper that is exciting on several levels. It is an enticing story of how a top management team changes over time and how those changes dramatically alter firm performance. It is also a thought-provoking juxtapostion of the qualitative understanding of that team with its demographics. Finally, it is an illuminating exploration of the findings of several well-known demographic studies of top management teams in light of the deep understanding from the case study data. ...
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作者：Sutcliffe, KM; McNamara, G
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Michigan State University
摘要：How are decision practices fostered in organizations and how are they linked to decision outcomes? This study addresses these questions by examining one financial institution's efforts to standardize and control decision making across geographically separated organizational units. We argue that decisionmaker behavior is situated and is not simply a function of individual choice. Rather, in organizational settings decisionmakers are subject to a hierarchy of influences that affect the decision ...
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作者：Stephens, CU
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
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作者：Reagans, R; Zuckerman, EW
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Stanford University
摘要：We argue that the debate regarding the performance implications of demographic diversity can be usefully reframed in terms of the network variables that reflect distinct forms of social capital. Scholars who are pessimistic about the performance of diverse teams base their view on the hypothesis that decreased network density-the average strength of the relationship among team members-lowers a team's capacity for coordination. The optimistic view is founded on the hypothesis that teams that ar...
