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作者：Grosskopf, S; Hayes, KJ; Taylor, LL; Weber, WL
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Equality and efficiency are key issues in educational reform. Here the authors analyze the efficiency and equality consequences of various school finance reforms using a cost-indirect output distance function. This function readily models multiple-output production under conditions of budgetary constraint, and provides a natural measure of performance that is closely related to Farrell-type measures of efficiency. The analysis suggests that despite school district inefficiency, finance reforms...
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作者：Hill, RC; Knight, JR; Sirmans, CF
作者单位：University of the Pacific; University of Connecticut
摘要：This paper introduces an improved procedure for estimating capital asset price indexes. We jointly estimate conventional hedonic and repeat sales models via maximum-likelihood procedures, thereby taking advantage of the unique features of the individual models and using all the data that are available. Our model captures depreciation within the repeat sales model and accounts for serial correlation in hedonic data. The improvement in precision obtained by estimating the joint model is illustra...
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作者：Morrison, CJ
摘要：We assess the cost-reducing impacts of increasing stocks of ''high-tech'' equipment (O capital). Our empirical analysis is based on a dynamic production theory model and annual data for two-digit U.S. manufacturing industries (1952-1991). We find evidence of overinvestment in O capital in the mid to late 1980s, following a period of strong investment incentives in the late 1970s. By the end of the 1980s, however, the returns to investment and falling prices for O capital more than justified th...
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作者：Johnson, D; McClelland, R
摘要：We adapt techniques from the literature on chaos and nonlinear dynamics to detect misspecification in models of serially independent data by checking for dependence between the regressors and disturbances. Our tests are nonparametric in that they determine whether the distribution of the disturbances depends on the regressors without identifying a model of dependence or the distribution of the disturbances. In Monte Carlo simulations we find that these tests have good power against dependence ...
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作者：Fernandez, DG
摘要：This paper examines the impact on the money-output correlation of a univariate specification that allows time series to be characterized as stationary around a broken trend function. Though pretesting suggests that U.S. real output (industrial production) can be described as broken-trend stationary, this result has only limited impact on the money-output correlation. Before 1985 there is a strong Granger causal relationship between money and broken-detrended output (hut not first-differenced o...
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作者：Grogger, J
摘要：Studies based on inputs measured at the state level generally report that school expenditures have substantial effects on students' adult wages, whereas studies based on less aggregated measures report small effects. I use wage data from High School and Beyond to analyze this discrepancy, and to estimate the effect of school expenditures on students' post-schooling earnings. I find that the discrepancy in the literature stems mostly from two factors: measurement error in district-level expendi...
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作者：Christiano, LJ; Eichenbaum, M; Evans, C
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：This paper assesses the impact of a monetary policy shock on the U.S. economy. Our measures of contractionary monetary policy shocks are associated with (i) a fall in various monetary aggregates and a rise in the federal funds rate, (ii) declines in different measures of real activity, (iii) sharp declines in commodity prices and a delayed decline in the GDP price deflator. In addition, net funds raised by the business sector increases for roughly a year, after which it falls. Finally, we find...
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作者：Walls, MA
作者单位：Victoria University Wellington
摘要：This paper estimates the costs of a government mandate to use natural gas vehicles, focusing on the less desirable attributes that these vehicles possess. A model of producer and consumer behavior in a market for a differentiated product is constructed; a hedonic price function is estimated; and consumer surplus losses from the substitution of natural gas cars for gasoline cars are calculated. These losses are found to be significant: the average per car consumer surplus loss ranges from $1100...
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作者：Vijverberg, CPC; Fei, JCH
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：It is not unreasonable to believe that most, if not all, important innovations are embodied in an industry's capital stock. The notion that the efficiency of large scale of production is brought about mainly by a larger size capital stock or a more advanced one is not new. The purpose of this paper is to search for production functions that allow the scale elasticity to vary with respect to capital stock and, at the same time, contains desirable properties of diminishing returns to labor and/o...
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作者：Garcia, R; Perron, P
摘要：We consider the time series behavior of the U.S. real interest rate from 1961 to 1986, using the methodology of Hamilton (1989), by allowing three possible regimes affecting both the mean and variance. The results suggest that the ex-post real interest rate is essentially random with means and variances that are different for the periods 1961-1973, 1973-1980 and 1980-1986. The inflation rate series also shows interesting shifts in both mean and variance. Series for the ex-ante real interest ra...
