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作者：Mercier, Marion; Silve, Arthur; Tremblay-Auger, Benjamin
作者单位：Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Laval University
摘要：States sometimes back rebellions abroad to signal resolve. We study this reputation-building logic in international relations, focusing on co-ethnic links between countries as an objective source of variation in a state's incentives to demonstrate resolve. We formally derive two interconnected predictions from the mechanism: (a) a state is more likely to endorse the uprising of a foreign group when facing a larger audience, resulting in (b) greater political inclusion for the group. We build a...
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作者：Hodler, Roland; Schaudt, Paul; Vesperoni, Alberto
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of London; King's College London
摘要：We study the feasibility of opening new mines in ethnically diverse countries without escalating the risk of conflict. We propose a theoretical model in which ethnic groups can organize themselves to fight at the national or the local level. Our model yields two key insights. First, peace cannot be guaranteed in the presence of ethnic segregation and spatial resource inequality. Second, once the peace-maximizing policies are implemented, local conflict risks depend on local resource rents and ...
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作者：Espinosa, Romain; Treich, Nicolas
作者单位：AgroParisTech; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees; Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue); INRAE; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：We provide a nonanthropocentric rationale for implementing a levy on meat consumption due to animal-welfare considerations. It operates as a Pigouvian tax and addresses externalities on farmed animals. Under total utilitarianism, the levy is a subsidy when an animal's life is worth living, and a tax when it is not. The levy varies under alternative normative settings, illustrating the importance of population-ethics issues for the pricing of externalities in this context. Even under conservati...
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作者：Duso, Tomaso; Nardotto, Mattia; Seldeslachts, Jo
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Technical University of Berlin; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; KU Leuven
摘要：We provide an evaluation of the impact of German public subsidy schemes in municipalities of Bavaria and Lower Saxony aimed at supporting the deployment of basic broadband infrastructure in rural Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission and may only be granted if the potential market failure is addressed without distorting competition. We first analyse the consequences of the subsidies on reducing the digital divide between urban and rural areas. Seco...
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作者：Jokela, Markus; Merilaeinen, Jaakko; Tukiainen, Janne; von Schoultz, Asa
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：A vast scholarship questions whether voters are sufficiently informed to act in their best interest at the polling booth, which may also have implications for the quality of political representation. In this study, we examine cognitive and non-cognitive ability tests conducted on (male) military conscripts by the Finnish Defense Forces and compare local and national election candidates nominated by political parties and representatives elected by voters with each other and the general populati...
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作者：Cao, Jin; Juelsrud, Ragnar E.; Sondershaus, Talina
作者单位：Norges Bank
摘要：We use the introduction of covered bonds in Norway in 2007 together with administrative and supervisory data at the bank and loan level to investigate the effect of asset encumbrance, that is, pledging assets as collateral, on the composition of bank balance sheets and bank risk. We show that covered bonds-despite being collateralized with mortgages-lead to a shift in bank lending from mortgages to corporate loans. The marginal corporate borrower is young and low-rated, suggesting that overall...
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作者：Ronconi, Juan Pedro; Ramos-Toro, Diego
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes - Chile; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper studies conscription's role in durably shaping attitudes and beliefs consistent with nation-building. We pair original survey data covering 29 cohorts of conscripts in Argentina with random variation in service emerging from a lottery. We find that serving in the military leads to a stronger national identity and social integration several decades after serving but does not affect civic behaviors such as voting or paying taxes. Value inculcation during service helps explain the base...
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作者：Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Pichler, Stefan; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：George Mason University; University of Groningen; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of Mannheim
摘要：Using the National Compensation Survey from 2009 to 2022 and difference-in-differences methods, we find that state-level sick pay mandates are effective in broadening access to paid sick leave for U.S. workers. Increases in sick pay coverage reach 30 percentage points from a 63% baseline 5 years post-mandate. Mandates have more bite in jobs with low pre-mandate coverage. Further, mandates reduce inequality in access to paid sick leave substantially, both across and within firms. COVID-19 reinf...
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作者：Fischer, Kai; Martin, Simon; Schmidt-Dengler, Philipp
作者单位：Vienna University of Economics & Business; University of Vienna
摘要：We study the effect of entry on the price distribution in the German retail gasoline market. Exploiting several hundred entries over five years in an event study design, we find that entry causes a persistent first-order stochastic shift in the price distribution for at least three years after entry. Prices at the top of the distribution change moderately or not at all, but prices at the left tail decrease by up to 13% (9%) of stations' gross margins after entry within a 1 km (2 km) radius. Th...
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作者：Binder, Carola; Kuang, Pei; Tang, Li
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Macau; University of Reading
摘要：We use a series of online surveys to study how US consumers' house price expectations respond to interest rate expectations. Communication about interest rates has little effect on average house price expectations, since households have heterogeneous beliefs about the relationship between interest rates and house prices. When coupled with an explanation of the mortgage rate channel, communication about interest rates has much larger effects on house price expectations. We also show that audio ...
