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作者：Bastos, Paulo; Silva, Joana
作者单位：The World Bank; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：What drives export quality? Using Portuguese firm level data on exports by product and destination market we find that f o b unit values Increase systematically with distance and tend to be higher in shipments to richer nations These relationships reflect not only the sorting of firms across markets but also the within-firm variation of unit values across destinations Within product categories higher-productivity firms tend to ship greater quantities at higher prices to a given market consiste...
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作者：Ivus, Olena
作者单位：University of Prince Edward Island
摘要：Despite over 20 years of debate, the TRIPs agreement remains very contentious. This paper evaluates the impact of strengthening patent rights (PRs) in developing countries on developed countries' exports over the 1962-2000 period. Colonial origin is used to isolate exogenous variation in PRs. The impact is then identified by examining the cross-industry difference in sensitivity to PRs. I find that the increase in PRs made in response to the TRIPs agreement added about $35 billion (2000 US dol...
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作者：Marceau, Nicolas; Mongrain, Steeve; Wilson, John D.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Michigan State University
摘要：We consider tax competition in a world with tax bases exhibiting different degrees of mobility, modeled as mobile and immobile capital An agreement among countries not to give preferential treatment to mobile capital results in an equilibrium where mobile capital is nevertheless taxed relatively lightly In particular, one or two of the smallest countries, measured by their stocks of immobile capital, choose relatively low tax rates, thereby attracting mobile capital away from the other countri...
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作者：Tille, Cedric; van Wincoop, Eric
作者单位：University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In an influential series of contributions, Kraay and Ventura (2000, 2003) offer a new rule for the current account: in response to a temporary income shock, the change in the current account is equal to the change in saving times the ratio of net foreign assets to wealth. We analyze the impact of a temporary income shock on the current account in the context of a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model of portfolio choice and show that the new rule does not hold. We also show that the cr...
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作者：Mandelman, Federico S.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：This study shows that the presence of imperfect competition in the banking system propagates external shocks and amplifies the business cycle. Strategic limit pricing, aimed at protecting retail niches from potential competitors, generates countercyclical bank markups. Markup increments during recessions directly increase borrowing costs for firms and indirectly damage the financial position of firms' balance-sheets, increasing the risk perception of lenders. I use Bayesian techniques and data...
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作者：Devereux, Michael B.; Engel, Charles; Matsumoto, Akito; Rebucci, Alessandro; Sutherland, Alan
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of British Columbia; International Monetary Fund; Inter-American Development Bank; University of St Andrews
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作者：Karabay, Bilgehan; McLaren, John
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Auckland
摘要：We study the effect of globalization on the volatility of wages and worker welfare in a model in which risk is allocated through long-run employment relationships (the 'invisible handshake'). Globalization can take two forms: international integration of commodity markets (i.e., free trade) and international integration of factor markets (i.e., offshoring). In a two-country, two-good, two-factor model we show that free trade and offshoring have opposite effects on rich-country workers. Free tr...
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作者：Bagwell, Kyle; Staiger, Robert W.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Motivated by the structure of WTO negotiations, we analyze a bargaining environment in which negotiations proceed bilaterally and sequentially under the most-favored-nation (MFN) principle. We identify backward-stealing and forward-manipulation problems that arise when governments bargain under the MFN principle in a sequential fashion. We show that these problems impede governments from achieving the multilateral efficiency frontier unless further rules of negotiation are imposed. We identify...
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作者：McCalman, Phillip
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：When a foreign monopolist sets a single market clearing price for its product, the sign of the optimal tariff is determined by the extent of pass through (also known as the terms of trade effect). However, when a foreign monopolist employs a second degree price discrimination mechanism in the domestic market the calculus of welfare maximization is very different. While there are still terms of trade effects from the imposition of a tariff, the existence of such effects are neither necessary no...
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作者：Nucci, Francesco; Pozzolo, Alberto Franco
作者单位：University of Molise; Sapienza University Rome
摘要：Using a representative panel of manufacturing firms we estimate the response of job and hours worked to currency swings showing that It depends primarily on firms exposure to foreign sales and their reliance on imported inputs We also show that for a given international exposure the response to exchange rate fluctuations is magnified when firms exhibit a lower monopoly power and when they face foreign pressure in the domestic market through import penetration The degree of substitutability bet...
