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作者:Tulane University
摘要:Richard Steckel and Nicolas Ziebarth (2016) find that biases in height by age imposed by traders versus non-traders were negligible. Importantly, their method of identifying traders differs from that of Jonathan Pritchett and Herman Freudenberger (1992). Using a sample of inward coastwise manifests for the port of New Orleans, we show that Steckel and Ziebarth made errors classifying shippers, that they underestimate the relative number of slaves shipped by traders, and that their empirical es...
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作者:University of Northampton
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作者:University of Delaware
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作者:University of Rochester
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作者:University of Namur; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要:This article investigates how, with increasing land pressure during Russian settlement in Kazakh steppes in the late nineteenth century, clan institutions affected the transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled agriculture. Using a novel dataset constructed from Russian colonial expedition materials matched with clan genealogies, we find that, controlling for geographic factors, clan identity strongly influenced the duration of transhumance period, the organization of production, and the a...
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作者:Michigan State University
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作者:University of Arizona; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro
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作者:University of Warwick
摘要:This article reassesses the causes of Chicago state bank failures during the Great Depression by tracking the evolution of their balance sheets in the 1920s. I find that all banks suffered tremendous deposit withdrawals; however banks that failed earlier in the 1930s had invested more in mortgages in the 1920s. The main problem with mortgages was their lack of liquidity, not their quality. Banks heavily engaged in mortgages did not have enough liquid assets to face the withdrawals, and failed....
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作者:University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
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作者:Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh