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作者:California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者:University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要:An international sample of 349 British-owned firms is analyzed to test the effectiveness of the International Tea Agreements of 1930 and 1933, Although the agreements reduced output overall, in 1930 there were significant regional differences in the extent of compliance, with firms in Eastern India reducing output more than did firms in Ceylon, These differences can be attributed to regional differences in organizational structure. Archival evidence suggests that the breakdown of collusion in ...
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作者:University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina - Asheville
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作者:Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要:Mexico's initial industrialization was based on firms that were grouped: that is, linked to other firms through close affiliations with a common bank. Most explanations for the prevalence of groups are based on increasing returns or missing formal capital markets. We propose a simpler explanation that better fits the facts of Mexican history. In the absence of secure property rights, tangible collateral could not credibly be offered to creditors; but there remained the possibility of using rep...
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作者:Sullivan, RJ
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作者:University of Rochester
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作者:Carnegie Mellon University
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作者:Oakland University
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作者:University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者:University of Winnipeg
摘要:The 1858 discovery of crude oil in Ontario led to the development of a refining industry initially composed of many small firms. Ontario's refiners relied upon generous tariff protection in order to compete with cheaper, higher-quality imports. We apply a regime-switching model to the pattern of monthly wholesale prices to find the extent to which trade policy affected collusive efforts. Tariff protection encouraged collusion, but ease of entry resulted in frequent price wars. An 1877 downward...