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作者：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
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作者：Kyoto University
摘要：This study reveals the operation of the triangular settlement system for Asia's silver absorption over the 1850s-60s, which contributed to the stabilization of the pre-1870 global monetary system. First, we demonstrate that the triangular settlement system among Britain, India, and China was established based on exchange operations. Second, we validate the bullion point method for Asia's settlement analysis and devise the triangular silver point mechanism. Third, through reconstructing silver ...
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作者：Sgard, Jerome
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作者：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
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作者：University of Warwick
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作者：Wageningen University & Research; Utrecht University
摘要：We investigate the demographic effects of forced labor under an extractive colonial regime: the Cultivation System in nineteenth-century Java. Our panel analyses show that labor demands are strongly positively associated with mortality rates, likely resulting from malnourishment and unhygienic conditions on plantations and the spread of infectious diseases. An instrumental variable approach, using international market prices for coffee and sugar for predicting labor demands, addresses potentia...
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作者：University of East Anglia; University of East Anglia; University of East Anglia
摘要：Dublin experienced a marked stagnation in population growth in the second half of the nineteenth century, accompanied by decaying infrastructure and poor public health. Historians have emphasized that this crisis was coupled with poor governance of the city of Dublin-manifested by eroding public services together with increasing tax burdens to counteract growing debt. This paper studies the municipal boundary expansion of Dublin in 1901, which occurred as a way to alleviate the city's financia...
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作者：National Taiwan University; Feng Chia University; National Taiwan University
摘要：This research examines whether an alternative exchange rate policy could have mitigated Germany's recession from April 1930 to May 1932, when Heinrich Bruning was Reichskanzler of the Weimar Republic. Using an open-economy dynamic model as our analytical framework, we examine the arguments against adopting the devaluation policy. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a widely held belief-that floating the Reichsmark would have led to high inflation-is unwarranted. Despite Germany's high fo...
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作者：China Europe International Business School; Johns Hopkins University
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作者：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：I use newly-developed data on Africa to estimate the effects of the international slave trades (circa 1500-1850) on the institutional structures of African economies and societies (circa 1900). I find that: (1) societies in slave catchment zones adopted slavery to defend against further enslavement; (2) slave trades spread slavery and polygyny together; (3) politically centralized aristocratic slave regimes emerge in West Africa and family-based accumulations of slave wealth in East Africa. I ...
