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作者：Queens University - Canada
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作者：Mixon, Scott
摘要：This article analyzes asset pricing behavior during the period leading up to the Crisis of 1873. Evidence is presented that equities, options, and bonds priced risks consistently, suggesting that investors were actively monitoring the risk of investing and were not caught up in an irrational, speculative mania. Implied probability density functions for stock returns suggest that option markets exhibited growing concern about substantial price declines prior to the crash. Concerns were concentr...
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作者：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
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作者：Geiger, Mark W.
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作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：International productivity comparisons are often plagued by discrepancies between benchmark estimates and time series extrapolations. Broadberry and Burhop present both types of evidence for the Anglo-German comparison. For their preferred data, they find only a minimal German productivity lead prior to World War I, while use of a revised industrial output series for Germany by Ritschl leads to implausible results. This article presents further time series revisions and substantial corrections...
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作者：University of Vermont; Middlebury College
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作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
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作者：Cardiff University
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作者：Hannah, Leslie
摘要：The businesses of developed Europe-transporting freight by a more advantageous mix of ships, trains, and horses-encountered logistic barriers to trade lower than those in the sparsely populated United States. Economically integrated, compact northwest Europe was a multinational market space larger than the United States, and, arguably, as open to interstate commerce as the contemporary American domestic market. By the early twentieth century, the First European Integration had enabled its manu...
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作者：Harvard University; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Northwestern University; University of Zurich
摘要：The enormous Nazi voting literature rarely builds on modern statistical or economic research. By adding these approaches, we find that the most widely accepted existing theories of this era cannot distinguish the Weimar elections from almost any others in any Country. Via a retrospective voting account, we show that voters most hurt by the depression, and most likely to oppose the government, fall into separate groups with divergent interests. This explains why some turned to the Nazis and oth...
