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作者：NEHRU, V; SWANSON, E; DUBEY, A
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：The paper describes the techniques and data adopted for the construction of a new series of estimates of the stock of education in 85 countries over 28 years (1960-87). The series are built from enrollment data using the perpetual inventory method, adjusted for mortality. Estimates are corrected for grade repetition among school-goers and country-specific drop-out rates for primary and secondary students. Enrollment data series used start as far back as 1930 for most countries, and even earlie...
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作者：DEMIRGUCKUNT, A; HUIZINGA, H
作者单位：Tilburg University; The World Bank
摘要：This paper investigates the significance of non-resident taxation and other investment costs in determining equity returns in emerging stock markets. Capital gains taxes on non-residents are shown to significantly increase required pre-tax equity returns, which is consistent with a generally limited creditability of foreign capital gains taxes in the capital exporting countries. Most countries tax inflationary as well as real capital gains, which means that inflation can have an independent po...
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作者：Raut, LK
摘要：We test the R&D spillover hypothesis of the endogenous growth literature using panel data for a sample of private manufacturing firms in India over the period 1975-1986. We estimate an extended production function that includes the firm's own R&D capital stock and the spillover effect of the industry-wide R&D capital stock as inputs, as well as physical capital and labor hours. We specify models which eliminate three sources of estimation bias and flawed hypothesis tests: serially correlated e...
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作者：BASU, K
作者单位：Delhi School of Economics
摘要：The paper examines the relation between civil norms and evolution. The survival of norms in the long run may depend on the evolutionary process and natural selection. The sieve of natural selection may ensure that norms which persist must have minimal efficiency properties. This paper begins with a general discussion of evolutionary processes and the survival of civil institutions. It then presents an introductory account of the theory of evolutionary games. It is argued that the model of evol...
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作者：ATHEY, MJ; LAUMAS, PS
摘要：Several economists have argued that capital markets in less-developed countries are fragmented. Fragmented capital markets retard the efficient allocation of resources and force business firms to rely on internal sources of funds. Using firm-level data, the authors examine the importance of the accelerator, internal funds, and depreciation for investment by manufacturing firms in India. The results indicate that internal funds and depreciation have significant explanatory power in a sales acce...
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作者：ROMER, P
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：The typical economic model implicitly assumes that the set of goods in an economy never changes. As a result, the predicted efficiency loss from a tariff is small, on the order of the square of the tariff rate. If we loosen this assumption and assume that international trade can bring new goods into an economy, the fraction of national income lost when a tariff is imposed can be much larger, as much as two times the tariff rate. Much of this paper is devoted to explaining why this seemingly sm...
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作者：CHAO, CC; YU, ESH
作者单位：Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Oregon State University
摘要：This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies relative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting foreign capit...
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作者：MUNSHI, KD; PARIKH, KS
摘要：We develop and estimate a model to derive the sources of growth in Indian milk production. A substantial share of this growth is attributed to technological progress associated with the cooperative system. Directed interventions in the dairy sector can account for only a fraction of this technological progress. For instance, cross-breeding only partially explains the growth in cow milk production, suggesting improvement in the quality of indigenous cows. Diffuse determinants may thus play an i...
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作者：KIGUEL, MA; LIVIATAN, N
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：The high inflation equilibrium (HIE) refers to a steady state solution where inflation is higher than the one which maximizes seigniorage (i.e. inflation is on the falling segment of the Laffer curve). It has been claimed that the HIE can be stable when the adjustment of expectation is fast. However, adjustment is fast because inflation is high; so the argument is circular. In this paper we rationalize the HIE using the policy game approach which distinguishes between discretionary and precomm...
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作者：BOUIS, HE
摘要：Cross-section estimates of income elasticities for food staples in the aggregate based on quantity information from household food expenditure surveys are often in the 0.3-0.6 range. It is shown that differences in per capita calorie intakes across income groups implied by these income elasticities are grossly inconsistent with observed differences in bodyweights. Moreover, time series data frequently indicate that national per capita consumption of food staples in the aggregate remains consta...
