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作者：Zamboni, Yves; Litschig, Stephan
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
摘要：We report results from a randomized policy experiment designed to test whether increased audit risk deters rent extraction in three areas of local government activity in Brazil: procurement, health service delivery and cash transfer targeting. Our estimates suggest that temporarily increasing annual audit risk by about 20 percentage points reduced the share of audited resources involved in corruption in procurement by about 10 percentage points and the proportion of procurement processes with ...
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作者：Aggarwal, Shilpa
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB)
摘要：Nearly a third of the world's rural population does not live near a paved road, and it is widely believed that this limits their access to economic opportunities. Using a natural experiment that led to plausibly exogenous variation in the timing and placement of paved roads in Indian villages, this paper provides evidence on the impact of roads on a wide variety of economic outcomes in rural areas. I find evidence consistent with 5 main effects in the village economy. Households in treatment a...
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作者：Annen, Kurt; Knack, Stephen
作者单位：University of Guelph; The World Bank
摘要：Some large multilateral agencies implement aid projects in a broad range of sectors, with aid disbursements showing a strong overlap with those of bilateral donors. Why do donors delegate sizable shares of their aid to large non-specialized agencies for implementation? This paper develops a game theoretic model to explain this puzzle. Donors delegate aid implementation to strengthen aid selectivity, incentivizing policy improvements in recipient countries, which in turn improves the developmen...
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作者：Ek, Chanbora; Wu, Guiying Laura
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University
摘要：This paper directly estimates the effect of financing constraint on capital misallocation. We provide a simple theoretical framework that links the heterogeneity in investment-cash flow sensitivity, a common indicator of financing constraint, to the dispersion of marginal revenue product of capital, a direct measure of allocative inefficiency. Our model shows that the existence of both constrained and unconstrained firms is a sufficient though not necessary condition for capital misallocation....
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作者：Ozler, Berk; Fernald, Lia C. H.; Kariger, Patricia; McConnell, Christin; Neuman, Michelle; Fraga, Eduardo
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; The World Bank; University of Pennsylvania; Yale University
摘要：We used a randomized, controlled study to evaluate a government program in Malawi, which aimed to support child development by improving quality in community-based, informal preschools through teacher training, financial incentives, and group-based parenting support. Children in the integrated intervention arm (teacher training and parenting) had significantly higher scores in assessments of language and socio-emotional development than children in preschools receiving teacher training alone a...
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作者：Shen, Wenyi; Yang, Shu-Chun S.; Zanna, Luis-Felipe
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; National Sun Yat Sen University; International Monetary Fund; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Despite the voluminous literature on fiscal policy, very few papers focus on low-income countries (LICs). This paper develops a New Keynesian small open economy model to show, analytically and numerically, that several prevalent features of LICs dependence on external financing, public investment inefficiency, and a low degree of home bias in public investment play important roles in government spending effects. External financing increases the resource envelope, mitigating the crowding out ef...
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作者：Furceri, Davide; Loungani, Prakash
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Palermo
摘要：Episodes of account liberalization increase the Gini measure of inequality, based on panel data estimates for 149 countries from 1970 to 2010. These episodes are also associated with a persistent increase in the share of income going to the top. We investigate three channels through which these impacts could occur. First, the impact of liberalization on inequality is stronger where credit markets lack depth and financial inclusion is low; positive impacts of liberalization on poverty rates als...
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作者：Sellars, Emily A.; Alix-Garcia, Jennifer
作者单位：Yale University; Oregon State University
摘要：How does labor scarcity shape institutional development? We examine the long-term impact of Mexico's 16th-century demographic collapse on landholding patterns through the present day. We show that the collapse, which reduced the indigenous population by between 70 and 90 percent and differed in severity across space, facilitated land concentration and the rise of a landowner class that dominated Mexican political economy for centuries. To identify the impact of the population collapse on land ...
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作者：Lazuka, Volha
作者单位：Lund University; Lund University
摘要：This paper explores the long-term effects of being born with the assistance of a qualified midwife on health and skills, using longitudinal register-based data for individuals born in rural Swedish parishes between 1881 and 1930 and followed from birth until age 80. In the setting of home deliveries, midwives strictly followed hygiene instructions and monitored the health of the mothers and newborns for 3 weeks after birth, and the study observes these individual-level treatments. The results ...
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作者：Guiteras, Raymond P.; Jack, B. Kelsey
作者单位：North Carolina State University; Tufts University
摘要：Piece-rate compensation is a common feature of developing country labor markets, but little is known about how piece-rate workers respond to incentives, or the tradeoffs that an employer faces when setting the terms of the contract. In a field experiment in rural Malawi, we hired casual day laborers at piece rates and collected detailed data on the quantity and quality of their output. Specifically, we use a simplified Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism, which provides random variation in piece...
