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作者：Arteta, CO
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作者：Adam, CS; O'Connell, SA
作者单位：University of Oxford; Swarthmore College
摘要：We examine the (non) equivalence of aid and trade preferences as alternative forms of donor assistance in the presence of learning-by-doing externalities in recipient-country export production. Using a model based on van Wijnbergen (1985), we show that switching donor support on the margin from aid to trade preferences can increase recipient-country welfare. Simulations in which the productivity externality also interacts with private capital accumulation and fiscal distortions illustrate the ...
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作者：Trivedi, K
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作者：Black, SE; Lynch, LM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Tufts University
摘要：This paper argues that changes in workplace organisation, including re-engineering, teams, incentive pay and employee voice, have been a significant component of the turnaround in productivity growth in the US during the 1990s. Our work goes beyond measuring the impact of computers on productivity and finds that these types of workplace innovation appear to explain a large part of the movement in multi-factor productivity in the US over the period 1993-6. These results suggest additional dimen...
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作者：Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A; Frijters, P
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Australian National University
摘要：Psychologists and sociologists usually interpret happiness scores as cardinal and comparable across respondents, and thus run OLS regressions on happiness and changes in happiness. Economists usually assume only ordinality and have mainly used ordered latent response models, thereby not taking satisfactory account of fixed individual traits. We address this problem by developing a conditional estimator for the fixed-effect ordered logit model. We find that assuming ordinality or cardinality of...
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作者：Kohler, W
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz
摘要：We develop a dual representation of the technology of international fragmentation for an industry using 2 factors in a continuum of stages. We then derive a generalised factor price frontier which incorporates an endogenous adjustment of the margin of fragmentation. Using this frontier in a 2 x 2 general equilibrium model, we investigate the role of outsourcing in the adjustment to a decline in the final output price of the multistage industry, and the attendant factor price effects. We also e...
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作者：Cheshire, P; Sheppard, S
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者：Lybbert, TJ; Barrett, CB; Desta, S; Coppock, DL
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; Cornell University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
摘要：We use herd history data collected among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia to study stochastic wealth dynamics among a poor population. Although covariate rainfall shocks plainly matter, household-specific factors, including own herd size, account for most observed variability in wealth dynamics. We find no support for the tragedy of the commons hypothesis. Past studies may have conflated costly self-insurance with stocking rate externalities. Biophysical shocks move households between multipl...
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作者：Prasad, K
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University
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作者：Etro, E
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A new rationale for the persistence of monopolies is based on a precommitment of the incumbent monopolist to invest in R&D. In a patent race, as long as entry is free, the Arrow effect disappears: the incumbent has more incentives to invest than any outsider. Paradoxically, a market with some persistence of monopoly is competitive, while one With continuous leapfrogging must hide some barriers to entry. When the size of innovations is endogenous, leaders invest in more radical innovations. If ...
