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作者：Guvenen, Fatih; Kaplan, Greg; Song, Jae
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
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作者：Hokayem, Charles; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：University of Kentucky
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作者：Eriksson, Stefan; Rooth, Dan-Olof
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University; Linnaeus University; Lund University
摘要：The stigma associated with long-term unemployment spells could create large inefficiencies in labor markets. While the existing literature points toward large stigma effects, it has proven difficult to estimate causal relationships. Using data from a field experiment, we find that long-term unemployment spells in the past do not matter for employers' hiring decisions, suggesting that subsequent work experience eliminates this negative signal. Nor do employers treat contemporary short-term unem...
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作者：Jack, William; Suri, Tavneet
作者单位：Georgetown University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We explore the impact of reduced transaction costs on risk sharing by estimating the effects of a mobile money innovation on consumption. In our panel sample, adoption of the innovation increased from 43 to 70 percent. We find that, while shocks reduce consumption by 7 percent for nonusers, the consumption of user households is unaffected. The mechanisms underlying these consumption effects are increases in remittances received and the diversity of senders. We report robustness checks supporti...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We collect a new dataset on capital punishment in the United States and we propose a test of racial bias based upon patterns of sentence reversals. We model the courts as minimizing type I and II errors. If trial courts were unbiased, conditional on defendant's race the error rate should be independent of the victim's race. Instead we uncover 3 and 9 percentage points higher reversal rates in direct appeal and habeas corpus cases, respectively, against minority defendants who killed whites. Th...
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作者：Jones, Benjamin F.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper reconsiders the traditional approach to human capital measurement in the study of cross-country income differences. Within a broader class of neoclassical human capital aggregators, traditional accounting is found to be a theoretical lower bound on human capital differences across economies. Implementing a generalized accounting empirically illustrates the possibility that capital variation may now account (even fully) for the large income variation between rich and poor countries. ...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Duflo, Esther; Hornbeck, Richard
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University
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作者：Gentzkow, Matthew
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Gollier, Christian
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：In a growing economy, investing in safe projects raises intergenerational inequalities. This deteriorates social welfare because of inequality aversion, as expressed by decreasing marginal utility of consumption. The social discount rate can be interpreted as the minimum rate of return that is necessary to compensate for the increased inequality generated by the investment. For an intuitive precautionary argument, this growth effect is reduced if growth is uncertain. To complete the picture, i...
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作者：Hlatshwayo, Sandile; Spence, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
