Science

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• Metabolic interaction models recapitulate leaf microbiota ecology AI翻译
  作者：Schafer, Martin; Pacheco, Alan R.; Kunzler, Rahel; Bortfeld-Miller, Miriam; Field, Christopher M.; Vayena, Evangelia; Hatzimanikatis, Vassily; Vorholt, Julia A.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  摘要：Resource allocation affects the structure of microbiomes, including those associated with living hosts. Understanding the degree to which this dependency determines interspecies interactions may advance efforts to control host-microbiome relationships. We combined synthetic community experiments with computational models to predict interaction outcomes between plant-associated bacteria. We mapped the metabolic capabilities of 224 leaf isolates from Arabidopsis thaliana by assessing the growth ...
• Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace's Line AI翻译
  作者：Skeels, A.; Boschman, L. M.; McFadden, I. R.; Joyce, E. M.; Hagen, O.; Robles, O. Jimenez; Bach, W.; Boussange, V.; Keggin, T.; Jetz, W.; Pellissier, L.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Australian National University; Utrecht University; University of Amsterdam; University of Munich; German Research Foundation (DFG); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Yale University; Yale University
  摘要：Faunal turnover in Indo-Australia across Wallace's Line is one of the most recognizable patterns in biogeography and has catalyzed debate about the role of evolutionary and geoclimatic history in biotic interchanges. Here, analysis of more than 20,000 vertebrate species with a model of geoclimate and biological diversification shows that broad precipitation tolerance and dispersal ability were key for exchange across the deep-time precipitation gradient spanning the region. Sundanian (Southeas...
• Studies probe COVID-19 shots' link to rare symptoms AI翻译
  作者：Vogel, Gretchen; Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer
• Cortical polarity ensures its own asymmetric inheritance in the stomatal lineage to pattern the leaf surface AI翻译
  作者：Muroyama, Andrew; Gong, Yan; Hartman, Kensington S.; Bergmann, Dominique C.
  作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Harvard University
  摘要：Asymmetric cell divisions specify differential cell fates across kingdoms. In metazoans, preferential inheritance of fate determinants into one daughter cell frequently depends on polarity-cytoskeleton interactions. Despite the prevalence of asymmetric divisions throughout plant development, evidence for analogous mechanisms that segregate fate determinants remains elusive. Here, we describe a mechanism in the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis that ensures unequal inheritance of a fate-enforcing pola...
• Diet-microbe-host interaction in early life AI翻译
  作者：Stewart, Christopher J.
  作者单位：Newcastle University - UK
  摘要：Breast milk is a complex biofluid crafted over millions of years of evolution to provide optimal nutrition along with other bioactive compounds to the infant. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars that represent the fourth most abundant component of breast milk, which makes them more numerous than proteins and other vital nutrients, yet they provide no direct nutritional benefit to the infant (1). Human evolution does not favor wasteful processes, which suggests that HMOs play ...
• Dearomative ring expansion of thiophenes by bicyclobutane insertion AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Huamin; Shao, Huiling; Das, Ankita; Dutta, Subhabrata; Chan, Hok Tsun; Daniliuc, Constantin; Houk, K. N.; Glorius, Frank
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Skeletal ring enlargement is gaining renewed interest in synthetic chemistry and has recently focused on insertion of one or two atoms. Strategies for heterocyclic expansion through small-ring insertion remain elusive, although they would lead to the efficient formation of bicyclic products. Here, we report a photoinduced dearomative ring enlargement of thiophenes by insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to produce eight-membered bicyclic rings under mild conditions. The synthetic value, broad fu...
• After race ban, other routes to diversity beckon AI翻译
  作者：Mervis, Jeffrey
• Tandems have the power Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells b reak the 30% efficiency threshold AI翻译
  作者：De Wolf, Stefaan; Aydin, Erkan
  作者单位：King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
  摘要：One way to increase the efficiency of a solar cell is to optimize it to the wide spectrum of sunlight for conversion into electricity. In this vein, a tandem solar cell may comprise a top cell that absorbs high-energy photons and a bottom cell that absorbs low-energy photons. Such a device can be fabricated as a stack of layers, with the top and bottom cell interconnected to each other. Monolithic integration of a perovskite solar cell and silicon solar cell into a tandem device is a promising...
• Winning a Nobel Prize may be bad for your productivity AI翻译
  作者：Shultz, David
• Translation dynamics in human cells visualized at high resolution reveal cancer drug action AI翻译
  作者：Xing, Huaipeng; Taniguchi, Reiya; Khusainov, Iskander; Kreysing, Jan Philipp; Welsch, Sonja; Turonova, Beata; Beck, Martin
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt
  摘要：Ribosomes catalyze protein synthesis by cycling through various functional states. These states have been extensively characterized in vitro, but their distribution in actively translating human cells remains elusive. We used a cryo-electron tomography-based approach and resolved ribosome structures inside human cells with high resolution. These structures revealed the distribution of functional states of the elongation cycle, a Z transfer RNA binding site, and the dynamics of ribosome expansi...