Science

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• Recent gains in global terrestrial carbon stocks are mostly stored in nonliving pools AI翻译
  作者：Bar-On, Yinon M.; Li, Xiaojun; O'Sullivan, Michael; Wigneron, Jean-Pierre; Sitch, Stephen; Ciais, Philippe; Frankenberg, Christian; Fischer, Woodward W.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Universite de Bordeaux; INRAE; Southwest Jiaotong University; University of Exeter; CEA; Universite Paris Saclay; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology
  摘要：Terrestrial sequestration of carbon has mitigated approximate to 30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions. However, its distribution across different pools, live or dead biomass and soil and sedimentary organic carbon, remains uncertain. Analyzing global observational datasets of changes in terrestrial carbon pools, we found that approximate to 35 +/- 14 gigatons of carbon (GtC) have been sequestered on land between 1992 and 2019, whereas live biomass changed by approximate to 1 +/- 7 GtC. Global...
• Error-detected quantum operations with neutral atoms mediated by an optical cavity AI翻译
  作者：Grinkemeyer, Brandon; Guardado-Sanchez, Elmer; Dimitrova, Ivana; Shchepanovich, Danilo; Mandopoulou, G. Eirini; Borregaard, Johannes; Vuletic, Vladan; Lukin, Mikhail D.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Neutral-atom quantum processors are a promising platform for large-scale quantum computing. Integrating them with optical cavities enables fast nondestructive qubit readout and access to fast remote entanglement generation for quantum networking. In this work, we introduce a platform for coupling single atoms in optical tweezers to a Fabry-Perot fiber cavity. Leveraging the strong atom-cavity coupling, we demonstrated fast qubit-state readout with 99.960(-24)(+14)% fidelity and two methods for...
• Poland's border policies imperil river ecosystems AI翻译
  作者：Kitowski, Ignacy; Sujak, Agnieszka; Drygas, Mariusz
  作者单位：Poznan University of Life Sciences
• Regulatory T cells constrain T cells of shared specificity to enforce tolerance during infection AI翻译
  作者：Klawon, David E. J.; Pagane, Nicole; Walker, Matthew T.; Ganci, Nicole K.; Miller, Christine H.; Gai, Eric; Rodriguez, Donald M.; Ryan-Payseur, Bridgett K.; Duncombe, Ryan K.; Adams, Erin J.; Maienschein-Cline, Mark; Freitag, Nancy E.; Germain, Ronald N.; Wong, Harikesh S.; Savage, Peter A.
  作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：During infections, CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T-reg) cells must control autoreactive CD4(+) conventional T (T-conv) cell responses against self-peptide antigens while permitting those against pathogen-derived nonself peptides. We defined the basis of this selectivity using mice in which T-reg cells reactive to a single prostate-specific self-peptide were selectively depleted. We found that self-peptide-specific T-reg cells were dispensable for the control of T-conv cells of matched specific...
• Hippocampal encoding of memories in human infants AI翻译
  作者：Yates, Tristan S.; Fel, Jared; Choi, Dawoon; Trach, Juliana E.; Behm, Lillian; Ellis, Cameron T.; Turk-Browne, Nicholas B.
  作者单位：Columbia University; The New School; Yale University; Stanford University; Yale University
  摘要：Humans lack memories for specific events from the first few years of life. We investigated the mechanistic basis of this infantile amnesia by scanning the brains of awake infants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a subsequent memory task. Greater activity in the hippocampus during the viewing of previously unseen photographs was related to later memory-based looking behavior beginning around 1 year of age, suggesting that the capacity to encode individual memories...
• Is flat 15% fair? AI翻译
  作者：Choi, Jeongwon; Lieu, Ted; Liu, Christopher C.; Walsh, John P.
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; California Institute of Technology; University of Oregon; Polytechnic University of Milan; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
• Apoplastic barriers are essential for nodule formation and nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus AI翻译
  作者：Shen, Defeng; Micic, Nikola; Venado, Rafael E.; Bjarnholt, Nanna; Crocoll, Christoph; Persson, Daniel Pergament; Samwald, Sebastian; Kopriva, Stanislav; Westhoff, Philip; Metzger, Sabine; Neumann, Ulla; Nakano, Ryohei Thomas; Marin Arancibia, Macarena; Andersen, Tonni Grube
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Copenhagen; University of Munich; University of Cologne; University of Cologne
  摘要：Establishment of the apoplastic root barrier known as the Casparian strip occurs early in root development. In legumes, this area overlaps with nitrogen-fixing nodule formation, which raises the possibility that nodulation and barrier formation are connected. Nodules also contain Casparian strips, yet, in this case, their role is unknown. We established mutants with defective barriers in Lotus japonicus. This revealed that effective apoplastic blockage in the endodermis is important for root-t...
• My crisis Ph.D. AI翻译
  作者：Nicklas, Paige
  作者单位：University of Rochester
• Conservation in Sudan's conflict zones AI翻译
  作者：Tryjanowski, Piotr; Wegiel, Andrzej
• Looking beyond the trees for carbon storage AI翻译
  作者：Canadell, Josep G.
  作者单位：Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Environment