作者：Lechte, Maxwell A.; Riedman, Leigh Anne; Porter, Susannah M.; Halverson, Galen P.; Whelan, Margaret
作者单位：McGill University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Sydney
摘要：The evolution of the eukaryotic cell paved the way for the emergence of all complex life on Earth. Despite its significance, the environmental context of early eukaryote evolution is largely unknown(1,2). Here we use the geological record to reconstruct the habitats of the oldest known fossil eukaryotes, approximately 1.75-1.4 billion years old. Our integrated palaeontological, sedimentological and geochemical analyses show that although fossil eukaryotes are found in samples deposited in a ra...
作者：Sidpra, Jai; Lind, Valentina; Cohen, Alexander L.; Schaper, Frederic L. W. V. J.; Stone, Thomas J.; Grabovska, Yura; Biswas, Asthik; Sudhakar, Sniya; Sepulveda, Francisco; Peres, Bruno S.; Veronese, Greta; Aleman-Charlet, Cristina; Ogunbiyi, Olumide; Shamardani, Kiarash; Zhao, Jiaqi; Palacin, Alberto Castro; Miller, Gillian; Opipari, Raffaella S.; De Vita, Enrico; Ridout, Deborah; Ferraciolli, Suely F.; Lucato, Leandro T.; Avsenik, Jernej; Piccirilli, Eleonora; Morales-La Madrid, Andres; Muchart, Jordi; Ryan, Maura E.; Patel, Rajan; Haldipur, Parthiv; Hill, Ciaran S.; Krueger, Marie T.; Zrinzo, Ludvic; Jeelani, Noor ul Owase; Martinez-Barbera, Juan Pedro; Donson, Andrew M.; Dorris, Kathleen; Morgan, Paul S.; Mackay, Alan; Venkatesh, Humsa S.; Horn, Andreas; Mueller, Sabine; Green, Adam L.; Mirsky, David M.; Akram, Harith; Jones, Chris; Aquilina, Kristian; Mankad, Kshitij; Monje, Michelle; Jacques, Thomas S.; Fox, Michael D.; Hargrave, Darren R.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; University of London; National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery; University College London; UCL Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; University of London; Institute of Cancer Research - UK; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Clinica Alemana; Universidade de Sao Paulo; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; ULSS 8 Berica; Ospedale San Bortolo di Vicenza; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; University Medical Centre Ljubljana; University of Ljubljana; IRCCS Bambino Gesu; G d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; Northwestern University; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Feinberg School of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College Medical Hospital; Seattle Children's Hospital; University of Freiburg; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; University of Nottingham; University of Nottingham; Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust; University of Cologne; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of Colorado System; Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Anschutz; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
摘要：Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are near-universally lethal tumours of the childhood central nervous system1,2. In animal models, DMGs form brain-wide integrated networks through neuron-to-glioma synapses3, 4, 5-6 and glioma-to-glioma gap junctional coupling3. This extensive connectivity robustly promotes the growth and invasion of DMG3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-9 and other glial malignancies10, 11-12 through paracrine mechanisms and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses. However, the organization and clinical...
