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作者：Tang, Yinuo; Shen, Yan; Bu, Juan; Feng, Dongfa
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); Peking University; Indiana University System; IU Kelley School of Business; Indiana University Bloomington; Nanchang University
摘要：Born-digital firms increasingly pursue virtual involvement, a digital market-entry strategy that prioritizes iterative data collection and algorithmic adaptation over physical expansion. We measure virtual involvement by the number of unique digital advertisements and define it as the intensity of a firm's digital experimentation to collect user data, train algorithms, and enable continuous learning through a recursive feedback loop. Using a novel panel dataset covering 194 US and Chinese born...
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作者：Yang, Rui; Wang, Xinran; Yu, Rongjian; Zhan, Crystal
作者单位：Tongji University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); Zhejiang Gongshang University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：E-commerce platforms can utilize managed ecosystems to integrate diverse, often globally dispersed participants, including users, sellers, and intermediaries. As key ecosystem participants, search engines play a critical role in channeling user traffic across borders. Through algorithmic matching of user queries with relevant product offerings, search engines enable managed ecosystems to adapt to cross-border demand shifts. Using the Russia-Ukraine conflict as an exogenous shock, we employ a d...
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作者：Lee, Jeoung Yul; Cui, Lin; Pattnaik, Chinmay; Choi, Byungchul
作者单位：Chongqing Technology & Business University; emlyon business school; Australian National University; University of Sydney; Hankuk University Foreign Studies
摘要：This study analyzes the impact of digital transformation on manufacturing multinational enterprises' (MNEs) offshore outsourcing intensity. We distinguish two independent categories of digital transformation: information-centric (IDT) and manufacturing-centric (MDT). Applying transaction costs economics (TCE), we argue that IDT decreases offshore outsourcing intensity, while MDT increases it. These effects arise from their respective influences on the specificity of an MNE's core value-adding ...
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作者：Shaheer, Noman; Li, Sali; Chen, Liang; Brouthers, Keith D.; Li, Dan; Liesch, Peter
作者单位：University of Sydney; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Singapore Management University; University of London; King's College London; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business; University of Queensland
摘要：We seek to reconceptualize internationalization strategy by shifting focus from static, single-entry mode choices to dynamic constellations of multiple involvement modes. In an era of rapid technological change enabled by artificial intelligence, blockchain, and robotics, geopolitical volatility fueled by trade wars and violent conflicts, and increasing sustainability demands, multinational corporations (MNCs) need to rethink how they are involved with diverse stakeholder expectations, priorit...
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作者：Liu, Chang; Zhang, Pengxiang; Wang, Stephanie Lu
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Peking University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business
摘要：Digital regulations are often portrayed as barriers to digital firms' internationalization because they hinder digital firms' market penetration and fragment their global operations. We argue, however, that regulations may play a different role for digital firms that internationalize through virtual presence. Leveraging the European Union's (EU's) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as context, we examine how the GDPR affects digital products' penetration in the EU and whether it drives ...
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作者：Trigeorgis, Lenos; Miller, Stewart R.
作者单位：Durham University; University of Cyprus
摘要：The recent growth of the digital economy and technological advances has created new patterns of FDI and international involvement. We contribute to the debate on nontraditional (NT) entry modes in a changing digital world-virtual presence, digital platforms, and innovation outposts. We provide fresh insights into real option theory (ROT) and MNE theory, explaining new forms of international involvement within a dynamic ROT portfolio perspective. We discuss uncertainty and correlation among mar...
