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作者：Deserranno, Erika; Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco; Witoelar, Firman
作者单位：Bocconi University; Pompeu Fabra University; Australian National University
摘要：We study the effect of raising the level and transparency of financial incentives offered to local agents for acquiring clients of a new banking product on take-up. We find that paying agents higher incentives increases take-up and usage, but only when the incentives are unknown to prospective clients. When disclosed, higher incentives have no effect on take-up and usage, despite greater agent effort. This is due to the financial incentives sending a negative signal to potential clients about ...
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作者：Dickson, Alex; Gehrsitz, Markus; Kemp, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Strathclyde
摘要：This study evaluates the effects of the 2018 UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy. We combine novel electronic point-of-sale data with longitudinal nutritional information and a variety of event-study specifications. All but a few global soft drink brands reduced sugar content and hence avoided the tiered levy. For brands that maintained their recipes, the levy was on average overshifted, resulting in substantial retail price increases and reductions in consumption, particularly for colas. The levy is...
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作者：Dugoua, Eugenie
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful in solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low and with the often-heard narrative t...
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作者：Bossuroy, Thomas; Delavallade, Clara; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：The World Bank; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We examine the impact of biometric monitoring devices placed in tuberculosis treatment centers in Indian slums. The devices record health worker attendance and patient visits. Combining survey data, random center visits, and hospital registers, we find that patients at biometric-equipped centers are 25% less likely to interrupt treatment, reflecting increased efforts by health workers and greater daily adherence by patients. The technology also improves the quality of public data by reducing o...
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作者：Gehring, Kai; Langlotz, Sarah; Kienberger, Stefan
作者单位：University of Bern; University of Gottingen; Salzburg University
摘要：We provide evidence on the mechanisms linking resource-related income shocks to conflict, focusing on illegal crops. We hypothesize that the degree of group competition over resources and the extent of law enforcement explain whether opportunity cost or contest effects dominate. Combining temporal variation in international drug prices with spatial variation in the suitability to produce opium, we show that higher prices increase household living standards and reduce conflict in Afghanistan. A...
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作者：Chesher, Andrew; Rosen, Adam M.; Siddique, Zahra
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Duke University; University of Bristol
摘要：We examine the use of instrumental variable (IV) methods to measure the effect of a ceteris paribus change in an endogenous variable on an ordered outcome. Specifically, we use these methods to investigate the effect of neighborhood characteristics on subjective well-being (SWB) among participants in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing voucher experiment. We find that the estimated positive effect of a decrease in neighborhood poverty on SWB is sensitive to the specification of the first-s...
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作者：Cao, Jianfei; Hansen, Christian; Kozbur, Damian; Villacorta, Lucciano
作者单位：Northeastern University; University of Chicago; University of Zurich; Central Bank of Chile
摘要：This article presents and analyzes an approach to cluster-based inference for dependent data. The primary setting considered here is with spatially indexed data in which the dependence structure of observed random variables is characterized by a known, observed dissimilarity measure over spatial indices. Observations are partitioned into clusters with the use of an unsupervised clustering algorithm applied to the dissimilarity measure. Once the partition into clusters is learned, a cluster-bas...
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作者：Klinowski, David
摘要：This paper examines the authorship of postpublication criticisms in the scientific literature, with a focus on gender differences. Bibliometrics from journals in the natural and social sciences show that comments that criticize or correct a published study are 20% to 40% less likely than regular papers to have a female author. In preprints in the life sciences, prior to peer review, women are missing by 20% to 40% in failed replications compared to regular papers, but they are not missing in s...
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作者：Chen, M. Keith; Christensen, Katherine L.; John, Elicia; Owens, Emily; Zhuo, Yilin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; American University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Research on policing has focused on documented actions such as stops and arrests-less is known about patrols and presence. We map the neighborhood movement of nearly 10,000 officers across 21 of America's largest cities using anonymized smartphone data. Police spend 0.36% more time in neighborhoods for each percentage point increase in Black residents. This neighborhood-level disparity persists after controlling for density, socioeconomic status, and crime-driven demand for policing, and may b...
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作者：Loumeau, Gabriel
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper exploits spatial quasiexperimental variation around French departmental borders to provide novel evidence that regional borders disturb surrounding economic activity; namely, commuting flows, catchment areas, and residential density. The lack of integration of local transport networks at regional borders-leading to a 4.5 km travel distance penalty when crossing borders-explains the observed border effects. Using a spatial quantifiable equilibrium framework and accounting for constru...
