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作者：Almas, Ingvild; Auffhammer, Maximilian; Bold, Tessa; Bolliger, Ian; Dembo, Aluma; Hsiang, Solomon M.; Kitamura, Shuhei; Miguel, Edward; Pickmans, Robert
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Reichman University; University of Osaka
摘要：Accumulating evidence indicates that environmental temperature substantially affects economic outcomes and violence, but the reasons for this linkage are only partially understood. We study whether temperature directly influences behaviour by evaluating the effect of thermal stress on multiple dimensions of economic decision-making, judgement and destructive behaviour with 2,000 participants in Kenya and the United States who were randomly assigned to different temperatures in a laboratory. Th...
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作者：Bianchi, Javier; Sosa-Padilla, Cesar
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Notre Dame; University of Cambridge
摘要：We propose a simple monetary model to investigate the implications of international financial sanctions for the pre-eminence of the US dollar in the international financial system. We show how the anticipation of financial sanctions can reduce the US dollar convenience yield and the holdings of US dollar assets. We also evaluate the implications for welfare and show that they are generally detrimental for all countries.
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作者：Girard, Victoire; Molina-Millan, Teresa; Vic, Guillaume
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universite de Orleans; Universitat d'Alacant; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM)
摘要：The livelihoods of 130 to 270 million people depend on artisanal mining. Artisanal mining is a labour-intensive, often illegal, extractive activity. We combine geological knowledge and a source of exogenous temporal variation to construct the first proxy for artisanal gold mining in Africa-the main form of artisanal mining. We establish that an increase in the potential value of artisanal mining is a significant driver of deforestation. The historical increase in the gold price accounts for 8%...
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作者：Berman, Nicolas; Rotunno, Lorenzo; Ziparo, Roberta
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; International Monetary Fund; Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：How to allocate limited resources among children is a crucial household decision, especially in developing countries where it can have strong implications for children and family survival. We provide the first large-scale study linking variations in parental income in the early life of children to subsequent child health and parental investments across siblings in developing countries, using data from multiple waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys spanning fifty-four countries. Variation...
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作者：Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard; Ronda, Victor; Agerbo, Esben; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Rosholm, Michael
作者单位：Aarhus University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Socioeconomic status gaps in academic achievement are well documented. We show that a very similar gap exists with respect to genetic differences measured by a polygenic score for educational attainment. The genetic gap increases during elementary school, but only among low-socioeconomic-status children. Consequently, high-polygenic-score children experience the largest achievement growth over the school years, even if they are born in socioeconomic disadvantage. While the socioeconomic status...
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作者：Hagenbach, Jeanne; Kranton, Rachel
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Duke University
摘要：Can competition or cooperation for economic gain affect people's social perceptions of others? This paper experimentally examines this possible link from the economic to the social realm. Subjects engage in a task facing either a tournament or a cooperative pay scheme, after which subjects are asked their social perceptions of their counterparts in the task-how similar they are and how much they have in common. The pay schemes do not affect answers to the subjective similarity measure, but sig...
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作者：Huang, Yihong; Jiang, Yixi; Lu, Ziqi
作者单位：Peking University; University of Jinan
摘要：Social media, on which signals are often correlated, has become a primary source of information. How do people form beliefs when reading correlated signals online? In a field experiment on Weibo, we exposed Chinese college students to redundant negative posts about civil service jobs. Consequently, students developed a 0.16-standard-deviation higher negative view of these jobs and were 11% less likely to register for civil service exams, compared to the control group. We find the same effect i...
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作者：Agranov, Marina; Eilat, Ran; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; University of Chicago
摘要：We analyse a model of political competition in which the elite form endogenously to aggregate information and advise the uninformed median voter which candidate to choose. The median voter knows whether or not the endorsed candidate is biased toward the elites, but might still prefer the biased candidate if the elite's endorsement provides sufficient information about her competence. The elite size and the degree of information aggregation by the elite depend on the extent to which the median ...
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作者：Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Paris School of Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We explore the consequences of the development of home working for wages, hours worked and employee health in the post-COVID era. We base our research strategy on a French law passed in 2017 to encourage telework agreements between employers and employees. In the months following the law, many establishments signed telework agreements, and we show that this subsequently led to a much greater development of home working in these establishments after the epidemic shock in 2020. This increase was...
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作者：Knittel, Christopher R.; Stolper, Samuel
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We test the ability of causal forests to improve, through selective targeting, the effectiveness of a randomised program providing repeated behavioural nudges towards household energy conservation. The average treatment effect of the program is a monthly electricity reduction of 9 kilowatt hours (kWh), but the full distribution of predicted reductions ranges from roughly 1 to 33 kWh. Pre-treatment electricity consumption and home value are the strongest predictors of differential treatment eff...
