作者：Payne, Cymie R.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
作者：Eichensehr, Kristen E.
摘要：Nearly twenty years after the U.S. military began operations against the Taliban in Afghanistan, President Joseph R. Biden reported on August 31, 2021, that the last U.S. combat troops had departed the country. Biden announced on April 14, 2021, that the United States would withdraw combat troops from Afghanistan before the twenty-year anniversary of September 11, 2001, and NATO member states decided to depart the country simultaneously. The withdrawal followed an early 2020 deal between the T...
作者：Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin; Owsiak, Andrew P.
作者单位：University of Iowa; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Based on a comprehensive empirical analysis of maritime disputes during the twentieth century, this Article argues that international courts cast a shadow that markedly changes bargaining by potential litigating states. In particular, the filing of optional declarations under Article 287 of UNCLOS increases states' use of non- binding methods of dispute settlement, and the Article theorizes that this occurs because the declarations credibly threaten court involvement and provide more informati...
作者：Palmer, Nicola
作者单位：University of London; King's College London
