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作者：Reynaers, Anne-Marie; Parrado, Salvador
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED)
摘要：Design-Build-Finance-Maintain-Operate (DBFMO) contracts are a particular type of public-private partnership whereby governments transfer the responsibility for the design, construction, financing, maintenance, and operation of a public infrastructure or utility service building to a multi-headed private consortium through a long-term performance contract. These arrangements present a typical principal-agent problem because they incorporate a carrot and stick approach in which the agent (consor...
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作者：Bastings, Lincey; Mastenbroek, Ellen; Versluis, Esther
作者单位：Radboud University Nijmegen; Maastricht University
摘要：This article analyzes the implications of European integration for national regulatory enforcement. More specifically, it tests the Eurolegalism thesis, which holds that the tendency of using more detailed, prescriptive European Union (EU) regulation combined with more public and private enforcement leads to a convergence in national enforcement styles. It does so by developing and applying a fine-grained conceptualization of enforcement style. This conceptualization forms the basis of a focus...
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作者：Smismans, Stijn; Minto, Rachel
作者单位：Cardiff University
摘要：This article assesses the utility of impact assessments (IAs) as an effective tool for mainstreaming. Specifically, it analyses whether the European Union's (EU's) system of integrated impact assessments (IIAs) contributes to the realization of six mainstreaming objectives defined in the EU treaties. The article first studies whether the legal framework for the EU's system of IIAs makes it a viable tool for mainstreaming. It then proceeds with an empirical analysis of 35 IAs to assess the exte...
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作者：Ang, Yuen Yuen
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The study of public administration in developing countries requires that we look beyond the Weberian model as the only ideal type of bureaucracy. When we assume that there exists only one gold standard of public administration, all other organizational forms that do not conform to the Weberian ideal are dismissed as corrupt or failed. Drawing on neo-institutional economics, I introduce an alternative ideal type of bureaucracy found in contemporary China. This model, which I call bureau-franchi...
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作者：Mathieu, Emmanuelle; Verhoest, Koen; Matthys, Joery
作者单位：University of Antwerp; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC
摘要：As regulation increasingly results from the interplay of a wide array of different actors operating at different levels, it has become crucial to focus on how these constellations of regulatory actors operate. Although this research field presents huge potential for theoretical development, we still lack the measurement techniques to allow systematic comparative research. We contribute to filling this gap with four indices measuring crucial characteristics of multi-actor regulatory arrangement...
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作者：Archer, Julian; Lynn, Nick; Roberts, Martin; Gale, Tom; de Bere, Sam Regan; Coombes, Lee
作者单位：University of Plymouth; University of Plymouth; Cardiff University
摘要：National licensing examinations are typically large-scale examinations taken early in a career or near the point of graduation, and, importantly, success is required to subsequently be able to practice. They are becoming increasingly popular as a method of quality assurance in the medical workforce, but debate about their contribution to patient safety and the improvement of healthcare outcomes continues. A systematic review of the national licensing examination literature demonstrates that th...
