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作者:Hong, Seung-Hun; You, Jong-sung
作者单位:Australian National University; Australian National University
摘要:Responsiveness and accountability constitute the process of democratic representation, reinforcing each other. Responsiveness asks elected representatives to adopt policies ex ante preferred by citizens, while accountability consists of the people's ex post sanctioning of the representatives based on policy outcomes. However, the regulatory literature tends to interpret responsiveness narrowly between a regulator and regulatees: the regulator is responsive to regulatees' compliance without con...
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作者:Weinshall, Keren; Sommer, Udi; Ritov, Ya'acov
作者单位:Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Columbia University; Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要:A key influence on governance and regulation is the ideology of individual decisionmakers. However, certain branches of government - such as courts - while wielding wide ranging regulatory powers, are expected to do so with no attitudinal influence. We posit a dynamic response model to investigate attitudinal behavior in different national courts. Our ideological scores are estimated based on probability models that formalize the assumption that judicial decisions consist of ideological, strat...
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作者:Becker, Manuel; Dorfler, Thomas; Gehring, Thomas
作者单位:Otto Friedrich University Bamberg; United Nations University
摘要:Credible commitment problems arise whenever decisions made according to short-term incentives undermine long-term policy goals. While political actors can credibly commit themselves to their long-term policy goals by delegating decisions to independent regulatory agencies, the member states of international institutions rarely sacrifice control over regulatory decisions. Against the backdrop of the United Nations Compensation Commission established by the Security Council to settle claims on d...
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作者:Sabel, Charles; Herrigel, Gary; Kristensen, Peer Hull
作者单位:Columbia University; University of Chicago; Copenhagen Business School
摘要:As production and design disintegrate and become more collaborative, involving dynamic relations between customers and firms supplying complex subsystems and service, products and production methods become more innovative but also more hazardous. The inadvertent co-production of latent hazards by independent firms is forcing firms and regulators to address the problem of uncertainty - the inability to anticipate, much less assign a probability to future states of the world - more directly than...
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作者:Hakelberg, Lukas; Schaub, Max
作者单位:European University Institute
摘要:Why do tax havens, whose attractiveness for foreign investors depends upon financial secrecy, agree to automatically report account data to foreign governments? From a contractualist perspective, their cooperation should be motivated by the expectation of joint gains. Prior to such agreement, however, tax havens expected outflows of foreign capital and reductions in economic activity as likely outcomes. We show that the United States (US) imposed automatic information exchange on these countri...
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作者:Ruggie, John Gerard
作者单位:Harvard University
摘要:This article aims to inform the long-standing and unresolved debate between voluntary corporate social responsibility and initiatives to impose binding legal obligations on multinational enterprises. The two approaches share a common feature: neither can fully specify its own scope conditions, that is, how much of the people and planet agenda either can expect to deliver. The reason they share this feature is also the same: neither is based on a foundational political analysis of the multinati...