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作者：ALTHAM, PME
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：When categorical data arise from individuals grouped into families, because of the within-family dependence the conventional methods of inference, which are based on multinomial sampling, are generally inappropriate, for example in testing simple or complex hypotheses about the unknown cell probabilities. Inequalities for the appropriate chi-squared statistics are derived under very weak assumptions about the nature of the within-family dependence. Cohen (1976) introduced the problem in a demo...
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作者：UPTON, GJG; LEE, RD
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：The sequential allocation of treatments by an experimenter is considered in the context of the patient horizon. The importance of taking into account the whole of the patient population in designing the trial is illustrated for play-the-winner allocation and vector-at-a-time allocation, both with success lead termination. The optimal scheme minimizes the total number of patients who receive the poorer treatment. The difference between the 2 allocation schemes is small compared with the differe...
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作者：SWITZER, P
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：In the usual 2-sample problem one is estimating the constant additive effect of a treatment or the additive constant by which 2 random variables differ. If the treatment-effect may depend on the response level, then a more general approach to 2-sample problems seems appropriate. A treatment-effect function t is defined and distribution-free confidence bounds for the function t are characterized in the case where t has specified parametric forms and in the case where t is not parameterized.
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作者：BRYANT, JL; PAULSON, AS
作者单位：Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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作者：CLAYTON, DG
作者单位：University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
摘要：Clayton (1974) proposed odds ratio statistics to estimate a difference in location between 2 distributions of an ordered categorical variable. This method is extended to the case where some observations are subject to censorship and an example of its use for comparison of patient survival time distributions is discussed.
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作者：DOLBY, GR
作者单位：Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Queensland
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作者：BRADLEY, RA; ELHELBAWY, AT
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Cairo University
摘要：A simple procedure for consideration of specified treatment contrasts or sets of contrasts in a paired comparisons experiment is developed. General likelihood estimation and likelihood ratio tests are given. Specified treatment comparisons as appropriate in a particular experiment may be made. The procedure may be used for consideration of factor effects and interactions when the treatments in paired comparisons are factorial treatment combinations. An example is given of a [human] taste prefe...
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作者：CASSEL, CM; SARNDAL, CE; WRETMAN, JH
作者单位：University of British Columbia
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作者：KOZIOL, JA; GREEN, SB
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
摘要：The asymptotic distributions of Cramer-von Mises type statistics based on the product-limit estimate of the distribution function of a certain class of randomly censored observations are derived; the asymptotic significance points of the statistics for various degrees of censoring are given. The statistics are also partitioned into orthogonal components in the manner of Durbin et Knott. The asymptotic powers of the statistics and their components against normal mean and variance shifts, expone...
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作者：OHAGAN, A
作者单位：University of Dundee
摘要：Posterior joint modes are often used as point estimators in Bayesian applications to avoid laborious numerical integration of complicated posterior densities. Methods facilitating the straightforward computation of posterior marginal modes in a wide variety of models are presented, and whether marginal modes provide better approximations than joint modes to the posterior means is discussed.
