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作者：SIMON, G
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University
摘要：For a K-dimensional data set, compute all the 1/2K(K-1) Kendall''s taus and in addition compute multivariate generalizations of tau. Under the hypothesis of total independence in K dimensions, the computed quantities can be shown to have asymptotic normal distributions, thereby permitting a test of the total independence hypothesis. Significant taus will provide information about nonindependence.
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作者：BROOKS, RJ
作者单位：University of London; University College London
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作者：WYNN, HP
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of London
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作者：MENDOZA, G; IGLEWICZ, B
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University
摘要：The sequential version of Colton''s decision-theoretic model for comparing 2 medical treatments was modified by considering both the patients who are in the experiment and also the patients who do not participate in the experiment, while the experiment is in progress. The consideration of the patients who do not participate in the experiment leads to major changes in the results. Both the minimax and Bayesian solutions are obtained and are compared with Colton''s equivalent results.
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作者：POCOCK, SJ
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：In clinical trials with sequential patient entry, fixed sample size designs are unjustified on ethical grounds and sequential designs are often impracticable. One solution is a group sequential design dividing patient entry into a number of equal-sized groups so that the decision to stop the trial or continue is based on repeated significance tests of the accumulated data after each group is evaluated. Exact results are obtained for a trial with 2 treatments and a normal response with known va...
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作者：HYDE, J
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：In some area of life testing, subjects may enter or leave the study after they have been put on test. Statistics are presented for testing the hypothesis that the lifetimes have a given distribution for both the discrete and continuous cases. They are shown to be asymptotically normal by associating a martingale with the life process and using basic results about stopping times. There is some discussion of the effect of weight functions on power. An example of the test is provided.
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作者：WILLIAMS, JS; LAGAKOS, SW
作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY
摘要：In the analysis of survival-type variables arising from medical investigations, one is often faced with incomplete or right-censored observations. In many cases the mechanisms leading to censoring are intrinsically related to the survival variable and standard methods of analysis are not appropriate. Consequences are examined of the dependence of survival on the causes of censoring. Also examined are the testability of a set of data for the importance in survival inferences of the underlying c...
