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作者：KASS, RE; RAFTERY, AE
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In a 1935 paper and in his book Theory of Probability, Jeffreys developed a methodology for quantifying the evidence in favor of a scientific theory. The centerpiece was a number, now called the Bayes factor, which is the posterior odds of the null hypothesis when the prior probability on the null is one-half. Although there has been much discussion of Bayesian hypothesis testing in the context of criticism of P-values, less attention has been given to the Bayes factor as a practical tool of a...
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作者：Cole, BF; Lee, MLT; Whitmore, GA; Zaslavsky, AM
作者单位：Brown University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; McGill University; Harvard University
摘要：We develop an improved empirical Bayes estimation methodology for the analysis of two-state Markov chains observed from heterogeneous individuals. First, the two transition probabilities corresponding to each chain are assumed to be drawn from a common, bivariate distribution that has beta marginals. Second, randomly missing observations are incorporated into the likelihood for the hyperparameters by efficiently summing over all possible values for the missing observations. A likelihood ratio ...
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作者：MARRON, JS; TSYBAKOV, AB
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Universite Catholique Louvain; Universite Catholique Louvain; Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences
摘要：An important gap, between the classical mathematical theory and the practice and implementation of nonparametric curve estimation, is due to the fact that the usual norms on function spaces measure something different from what the eye can see visually in a graphical presentation. Mathematical error criteria that more closely follow ''visual impression'' are developed and analyzed from both graphical and mathematical viewpoints. Examples from wavelet regression and kernel density estimation ar...
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作者：Gasser, T; Kneip, A
摘要：The shape of a regression curve can to a large extent be characterized by the succession of structural features like extrema, inflection points, and so on. When analyzing a sample of regression curves, it is often important to know al an early stage of data analysis which structural features are occurring consistently in each curve of the sample. Such a definition is usually nor easy due to substantial interindividual variation both in the x and the y axis and due to the influence of noise. A ...
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作者：BELIN, TR; RUBIN, DB
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Specifying a record-linkage procedure requires both (1) a method for measuring closeness of agreement between records, typically a scalar weight, and (2) a rule for deciding when to classify records as matches or nonmatches based on the weights. Here we outline a general strategy for the second problem, that is, for accurately estimating false-match rates for each possible cutoff weight. The strategy uses a model where the distribution of observed weights are viewed as a mixture of weights for...
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作者：Olkin, I; Viana, M
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：In measuring visual acuity, the extremes of a set of normally distributed measures are of concern, together with one or more covariates. This leads to a model in which (X, Y-1, Y-2) are jointly normally distributed with Y-1, Y-2 exchangeable and (X, Y-i) having a common correlation. Inferential procedures are developed for correlations and linear regressions among X and the ordered Y values. This requires determination of the covariance matrix of X, Y-(1) = min{Y-1, Y-2} and Y(2) = max(Y-1, Y-...
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作者：WANG, N; RUPPERT, D
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：The transform-both-sides (TBS) regression model developed by Carroll and Ruppert is applicable when the relationship between the median response and the independent variables has been identified. Several different families of transformations, such as the Box-Cox power family, have been considered in the parametric approach to this model. In this article, we propose a nonparametric estimator of the transformation in the TBS model allowing general smooth monotonic transformations. Asymptotic pro...
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作者：Gilula, Z; Haberman, SJ
作者单位：University of Chicago; Northwestern University
摘要：Measures of dispersion for categorical random variables based on penalty functions play a central role in establishing relevant measures of association between such variables. The literature concerning these measures provides little systematic treatment of such aspects of these measures as comparability, efficient estimation, and large-sample properties. This article provides a systematic and rigorous construction of dispersion measures based on penalty functions. Efficient estimation procedur...
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作者：Gurland, J; Sethuraman, J
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Although mixtures of decreasing failure rate (DFR) distributions are always DFR, some mixtures of increasing failure rate (IFR) distributions can also be ultimately DFR. In this article various types of discrete and continuous mixtures of IFR distributions are considered, and conditions are developed for such mixtures to be ultimately DFR. These conditions lead to an interesting result-that certain mixtures of IFR distributions, even those with very rapidly increasing failure rates (e.g., Weib...
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作者：TULJAPURKAR, S; LEE, R
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
